118 IIEMIPTERA. 



provide larger specimens where the organs are more 

 clearly shown, so that the scholars can find, draw, and 

 describe them unaided. If he provides specimens of 

 the harvest-fly, or "locust," as it is erroneously called 

 (Fig. 78, p. 131), the doubts of the pupils are cleared 

 away. The tube is so well shown in this insect that 

 scholars often come to the conclusion it is onlyanother 

 form of the apron-shaped organ which they have de- 

 scribed as the second pair of maxillae of the locust. 



The insect thrusts the piercer into the plant it feeds 

 upon, and by means of the muscles of the pharynx 

 draws up the sap. The process is similar to that by 

 which butterflies obtain their food (see pp. 189, 190). 

 The three pairs of legs (PI. V., Fig. 64, /', /", /'", 

 p. 115) are adapted for walking and running rather 

 than leaping. The upper wings (Fig. 64, w' ) have 

 two well-marked textures, the basal portion being 

 chitinous, and containing a few large veins, while the 

 remaining portion is membranous, with many small, 

 parallel veins. This characteristic has given the name 

 Hemiptera {^fxi half; Trrepov, a wing) to this order 

 of insects. The lower wings {w") do not have these 

 two textures, but are membranous throughout, with few 

 veins. The network of nervures so conspicuous in the 

 wings of the Odonata is here entirely wanting. Both 

 pairs of wings lie flat on the back, and the membra- 

 nous tips overlap. The abdomen does not bear ap- 

 pendages, the ovipositor being within the body. 



These insects spend the winter in sheltered crevices. 

 In the last of June and first of July the female lays her 

 eggs on the lower side of the leaves of squash-vines. 

 We have seen these leaves in August thickly covered 



