142 HEMIPTERA. 



The Hemiptera include all the true bugs. They 

 live, as we have already seen, both in the water and 

 on the land, and, therefore, present a greater diver- 

 sity of structures than is observable among the Or- 

 thoptera. They feed upon the juices of plants or 

 animals, and are provided with a sucking-tube. In 

 the Hemiptera the connection of the abdomen and 

 thorax is not constricted, and no waist is formed. 



The less specialized group, Heteroptera, have flat- 

 tened bodies with two pairs of wings. The first pair 

 is coriaceous or horny at the base, and the lower por- 

 tions membranous. They He flat on the back when 

 folded, and the lower parts overlap. The head is 

 usually more or less acute except in Notonectidae 

 and Corisidae, and the beak arises from the forward 

 part. 



The more specialized group, Homoptera, have two 

 pairs of membranous wings (except the males of the 

 Coccidae) which are of uniform thickness. They lie 

 in a sloping position, like the sides of a roof. The 

 head is usually more or less obtuse or blunt, and the 

 beak arises from the hinder part of the lower side. 



The Heteroptera have more direct development 

 than the Homoptera, but the larv^ are very distinct 

 from the Thysanuroid type in both of these divisions, 

 on account of the early development of the sucking- 

 tube, and the prevalence of a broad, oval body. 

 Nevertheless, in many species the larvae have very 

 generalized proportions in the development of the 

 thorax and abdomen, reminding one of the larvae of 

 cockroaches. Brauer, Packard, and Lubbock have 

 shown that the sucking-tube could have been derived 



