LEPIDOPTERA. 



191 



to this order. These scales overlap each other as seen 

 in Fig. 141. In size, color, and markings, they vary 

 in different genera, and are attractive microscopic 

 objects. Mr. S. H. Scud- 

 der, in his smaller work 

 on Butterflies, considers 

 the subject of the color 

 and patterns of the wings 

 (see Chaps. IX., X., XL). 

 This book should be in 

 the hands of every 

 teacher, as it contains a 

 trustworthy account of 

 the structure, habits, and 



life-histories of butterflies, especially of our Ameri- 

 can forms. ^ When the insect is resting, the wings are 

 raised so that they meet over the back. The male 

 (PL IX., Fig. 134, p. 186) of this species can be readily 

 distinguished from the female by the httle patch of 

 black scales on one of the lower median veins of the 

 posterior wings. This insect has the habit of migrat- 

 ing in large flocks on the approach of cold weather, 

 and an interesting account of their movements south- 

 ward is given by Riley in the American Entomologist? 



1 See also Scudder, The Buttej'flies of the Eastern United 

 States and Canada, %uith Special Reference to New England, 

 1 888-. This is one of the most remarkable memoirs ever 

 published on a scientific subject, and every library should have 

 a copy for the use of teachers. It is illustrated with plates and 

 figures of the highest excellence, and the butterfly is considered 

 from ninety-five different points of view, the style being a happy 

 mixture of the popular and scientific. 



2 2d series, Vol. I., pp. 100-102, 1880. 



