276 GENERAL REMARKS. 



of them collectively as the secondary larval stages. 

 They appear subsequently to the Thysanuriform stage, 

 when that is present, or between the ovarian and pupal 

 stages when that is absent. The pupal stage is similar 

 to that of the first series of orders in all respects ex- 

 cept that, as a rule, it is incapable of motion, or is 

 what is called quiescent, and is usually more or less 

 protected. The complicated development of individ- 

 uals in the second series of orders has led several 

 authors to designate the first series of orders as Amet- 

 abola, and the second series as Metabola. 



The use of the term '' ametabola," as applied to 

 the orders from I.-IX., involves an exaggeration, since 

 it implies that they have no metamorphoses ; whereas, 

 as pointed out by Comstock and others, the Coccidae 

 have a "complete" series of metamorphoses, or in- 

 direct development, even including a quiescent pupal 

 stage in the development of the only winged form, 

 the male. The quiescence of the pupal stage loses 

 much significance in view of this exception, and also 

 when it is noted that an extra quiescent larval stage 

 may occur in the second series of orders, as in some 

 beetles, whose extraordinary habits render two qui- 

 escent stages essential in their development. 



It is a remarkable fact that, as a rule, the larvae of 

 the second or specialized series of orders have the 

 habit of feeding voraciously. In this way the larvae 

 store up fats and food matters in their own bodies in 

 preparation for the quiescent and helpless pupal stage, 

 during which they live upon these accumulations, they 

 being taken up by the cells of the tissues and used in 

 building up the organs and parts of the adult (see 



