21 



of the latter as clouds of dust. I very often found shed pollen 

 upon the inner parts of the flower. Self-pollination must 

 undoubtedly take place easily because the anthers always stand 

 around the style with their pores turned towards the stigma 

 which is below or almost on the same level with them (Fig, 10 K; 

 Fig. 11x1). Almost all the tetrads I found on the stigma occurred 

 at its edge. The normal arrangement seems to be for the 

 anthers to stand immediately below the stigma or around it. 



I find that both in Greenland and in Finmark some 

 variations occur in the relation between the stamens and the 

 pistil, as also may be seen from the figures. The stigma may 

 occur from 1 to 2 mm. above the anthers. But I have not 

 found the anthers to stand as close to the stigma in the 

 European as in the Greenland flowers (Fig. 10 K). These 

 differences in the relative length of the organs in question do 

 not seem to depend upon the age of the flower; the anthers 

 appear however to stand closer to the stigma in the young 

 flowers than in the older ones. Lindman has also noticed these 

 variations, and has observed the stigma to be situated even 

 lower than the base of the anthers (1. с p. 72). 



The flower is also distinctly adapted for cross-pollination 

 by insects. This may take place easily when an insect thrusts 

 its proboscis through the narrow throat of the corolla down to 

 the honey, which is secreted by a yellow, ten-lobed nectary 

 (Fig. 12 £■). The filaments are hairy at their bases, the hairs 

 serving in this as in other cases to retain the honey in the 

 drooping flower (Fig. \0E; Fig. 12^4). 



We may assume humble bees to be among the insect- 

 visitors. In Finmark I saw them visit the flowers, and on the 

 Dovre Lindman saw Bombus alpinus , in Lapland Skottsberg 

 Boînbus serimshiranus D., in Varanger Poppius Bombus lapponicus 

 Fabr. and B. nivalis Dheb. do so. In Finmark I often observed 

 styles and stamens which had been bitten off by ants. 



After fertilisation the corolla falls off and the calyx with 



