58 



branched (Fig. 39 Ä, В). Fig. 38 С shews a vertical rhizome 

 with a single foliage-leaf and terminating in an inflorescence 

 which is now dead; it was overgrown by Sphagnum; two slender 

 shoots bearing scale-leaves arise from it straight into the air. 

 Fig. 40 D is a runner which has risen above the ground and 

 formed an aerial part bearing a single foliage-leaf. 



Each aerial year's-shoot bears some thin scale-leaves at 

 its base besides one to three foliage-leaves (compare Fig. 40 

 В and C). The latter may remain green two (to four) years 

 (Fig. 40^; Fig. 41) and may afterwards remain on the branches 

 in process of decay for a longer time before crumbling away. 

 The aerial part of the shoot may attain an age of several years 



Fig. 39. Pirola rotundifolia var. grundiflora. 



A — C, Parts of different runners, ?Ьелу1п^ the positions of the roots and branches, as also 



the form of the shoot-apices. D, P. cMorantha (from Denmark), the runner is rising above 



the ground (almost natural size). E, F, Parts of different runners. (E. W^.") 



before its growth is stopped by a terminal inflorescence; it 

 then dies down to the uppermost lateral shoot (Fig. 38 A). 



Vegetative reproduction takes place by means of the run- 

 ners, hence this species often occurs in patches, forming 

 fairly large clusters in copses and on moors; but as the run- 

 ners are long and wide-spreading it nevers occurs as a dense 

 covering. 



The flowers have a faint perfume suggestive of that of the 

 Lily of the Valley. The petals are white, tinged with rose-red 

 especially towards the margin; the calyx and the pedicels are 

 deep-red. 



While flowering the petals are widely expanded (Fig. 42) so 

 that the corolla is wheel-shaped, measuring from 14 to 30 mm, 



