186 



and on the decay of the runners they become separated from 

 the parent plant (Fig. 10 B). 



The fol i age -lea ves are almost obovate, and have cilia 

 or small pointed teeth along their margin which may be more 

 or less glandular (Fig. 10 D). They undoubtedly remain green 

 through the winter. A shoot may probably remain upwards of 

 two years in the rosette-stage before it flowers, and then the 

 whole of it dies. 



True scales- leaves are absent; and the only indications 

 of such are the less well-developed foliage-leaves >vhich occur 

 basally in tlie rosettes (Fig. 10 C). 



The corollas 

 vary in size (the pe- 

 tals are from 8 to 1Г5 

 mm. long; Andersson 

 and IIesselman) ; the 

 petals have a swelling 

 on each side at their 

 base. The flowers are 

 bright yellow and 

 scentless (Ekstam). 

 Judging from 

 spirit-material, the specimens from Spitzbergen were protogy- 

 nous. In the flower shown in Fig. 11 the antipetalous stamens 

 луеге not yet functional, but reclined against the petals; on the 

 other hand, the anthers of all the antisepalous stamens were 

 open, excepting one, and were lying over the stigmas, which 

 were fully ripe and had pollen-grains upon them. Self-pollina- 

 tion was in this case almost inevitable, even if the flower was 

 protogynous at first. 



Ekstam (1897, p. 128) reports that self-pollination also takes 

 place in Nova Zembla and says: "Diese Art ist fast homogam 

 oder schwach protandrisch." Andersson and Hesselman, like 

 myself, found protogyny with subsequent self-pollination. 



Fig. 1 1 . Saxifraga flagellaris. 



A flower from Spitzbergen (Tempelbay, July 17, 1882: 

 A. G. Nathorst). (E. W., 1886.) 



