196 



me (Fig. 17) are homogamous and illustrate the latter condition, 

 I have found tlie anthers to be in contact with the stigmas, but 

 as only spirit-material is at hand and I have had no opportunity 

 of examining living flowers, there is no certainty that this has 

 not been occasioned by violence. 



Insect-visitors. In Spitzbergen Ekstam saAV a fly visit a 

 flower. It is noteworthy that the stigmas are not highly papil- 

 lose, as is the case in most of the other species, but are 

 spherically rounded off without papillae and covered by mucilage 

 (Fig. D). In this feature this species resembles S. nivalis. 



Several times I found trimerous pistils in terminal 

 flowers. LiNDMAN and Ekstam also found 3- and 5-merous pistils. 



Fruit. According to Ekstam, Kjellman found ripe fruit in 

 Arctic Siberia; and Andersson and Hesselman report that the 

 seed ripens regularly in Spitzbergen. 



Saxifraga Hirciilus L. 



Lange, Conspectus p. 64. Warming, 1886 b, p. 25. Ekstam, 1897, 

 pp. 130, 180; 1898, p. 14. G. Andersson och Hesselman, p. 27; Ddsén, 

 p. 34. Lindmark, p. 32. Silen, p. 86. Simmons, p. 64. 



The Arctic plants are often low and somewhat tufted. From 

 the base of the erect flowering shoots are given off, in Danish 

 specimens, slender runners in basipetal succession, and with a 

 more or less subterranean course. These runners may be 

 either short or long; they form many slender roots and their 

 leaves are developed to a varying extent as foliage-leaves. The 

 runners, whose course is most subterranean, are very slender 

 and bear scale-leaves (Fig. 18). The primary root probably dies 

 early. Vegetative propagation takes place by the lateral shoots 

 becoming isolated when the irregularly-branched rhizomes gradu- 

 ally die away at the hinder end. 



According to Lindmark the rhizome may have 2 — 3 or 

 several year's-shoots. 



