221 



gamous in Scandinavia also (Lindman, Ekstam), with possibilities 

 of self-pollination. 



Protogyny. A flower gathered by Jcel in Sweden (Åre- 

 skutan; July 25) appeared to be protogynous (Fig. 31 F). The 

 stigmas were distinctly ripe, but all the anthers were closed 

 <Fig. 31 -D); the same was the case with specimens from Hærje- 

 dalen (Sweden). 



Regarding the specimens from Greenland, I have no notes 

 on living specimens, but the flowers appear to agree closely 

 with those from the north of Norway, and to be protandrous 

 like them. The one from East Greenland, shown in Fig. 31 Æ^, 

 is evidently decidedly protandrous ; all the anthers were open 

 except one, and the stigmas were unripe ; but otherwise it 

 appears to differ somewhat, in its shorter stamens and small 

 pollen-grains, which seem, however, to be quite normal. The 

 petals were only slightly longer than the sepals, but the flower 

 is evidently still very young. 



Other specimens from the east coast of Greenland (gathered 

 by Eberlin) appeared to be either homogamous or protogynous. 

 Self-pollination must be able to take place, as the anthers were 

 lying across the stigmas. 



A forma c^-yptopetala, with petals smaller than the sepals, 

 making the flowers very inconspicuous, and scarcely to be 

 distinguished from the leaf-rosettes, is mentioned by Abromeit. 



Pistillate flowers occur in East Greenland. In a speci- 

 men (gathered by Eberlin, Aug. 11, 1883) the antisepalous sta- 

 mens were quite transparent and empty, while the pollen-grains 

 in the antipetalous stamens were shrunken and abnormal. 



A trimerous pistil often occurs in the terminal flower 

 of the inflorescence (Greenland and Scandinavia), and this flower 

 may sometimes be 6—7- or 8-merous instead of'5-merous. 



Fruit is set in West, South and East (Angmassalik) Greenland, 

 in Scandinavia, Iceland (where it ripens), the Faeroes, and in 

 Arctic America (King William's Land). 



