370 



occur in numbers varying from 10 to 15 and are of different 

 sizes, large and small alternating almost regularly; upon their 

 outer side there is fibrous tissue, from 3 to 5 layers thick, 

 consisting of lignified cells with thick walls. This layer of 

 tissue abuts directly upon the sieve-tissue and is continued to 

 the sides as an interfascicular portion of lignified parenchyma 

 forming a boundary between the pith and the cortex. This 

 strengthening-ring (A. Meier's "Festigungsring"'i consists of from 

 2 to 4 layers of cells, the walls of which are slightly, or else 

 not at all, thickened. Around each vascular bundle is a lignified 

 endodermis, which is most easily seen upon the inner side of 

 the bundle; externally its cells resemble those of the fibrous 

 tissue. Between the cambium and the vessels there is some 

 wood-parenchyma, and between the vessels and the endodermis 

 non-lignified parenchyma occurs. 



The flower -stalk is slightly furrowed and is more 

 densely hairy than the stem. The hairs are unicellular and 

 rather long. The vascular bundles are fewer in number than 

 in the stem, and during flowering, stereom is almost absent, 

 but it develops afterwards during fruit-setting and becomes 

 stronger than that in the stem. The outermost part of the 

 cortex has larger intercellular spaces than has the inner. 

 There was no special endodermis around each single vascular 

 bundle and a common one was not distinct in the specimens 

 examined. 



The stem contains but a small amount of starch (middle 

 of July), the grains are compound. 



The Leaf. The rosette-leaves and often the lowermost 

 stem-leaf are stalked; in form they are short and broadly ovate 

 and often with a somewhat wedge-shaped base; the margin is 

 divided into a varying number of shallow, short, broad lobes. 

 The sessile stem-leaves are more or less deeply 5 — 7 lobed. 

 Hairs occur along the margin, but otherwise the leaves are 

 alabrous. No difference has been found between the anatomy 



