373 



which were somewhat looser in structure than were those in 

 the other specimens which were investigated. It was found 

 growing upon a sandy shore and had a very vigorously deve- 

 loped root-system. 



The leaf- stalk is reniform in transverse section. There 

 are three vascular bundles and they are certainly not accom- 

 panied by stereom ; the endodermis is only slightly evident. 

 The pith has a tendency to collapse so that a larger or smaller 

 lacuna is formed. The cortex nearly resembles that of the 

 stem in structure. The epidermis contains chlorophyll; it, 

 also, resembles that of the stem. 



No differences have been found in the structure of the 

 individuals investigated from the different localities, with the 

 exception of the dwarf-plant from King Charles Land. 



Raminculiis nivalis L. 



Lit.: BüCHENAü & FocKE, 1872, p. 28. Kjellman, 1883, p. 493 

 Holm, 1885, p. 50, tab. XI, figs. 6 — 7. Lindman, 1887, p. 42 

 tab. I, fig. 10. Børgesen. 1895, pp. 225, 231, 236, fig. 48, re 

 sumé: Journal de bot., IX, 1895. Hartz, II, 1895, p. 288; III, 1895 

 p. 331. Norman, 1895, p. 14. Ekstam, 1897, p. 146. Abromeit 

 1899, p. 30. Ekstam, 1899, p. 23. Andersson- «& Hesselman, 1900 

 p. 48. Resvoll, 1900, figs. 2, 8, 9, 12, 31. Gleve, 1901, pp 

 51. 103. DcsÉN, 1901, p. 30. Freidenfelt, 1904, p. 53. Sim 

 mons, 1906, p. 110. Sylvén, 1906, p. 274, tab., XXV, fig. 2. 



Alcohol material from Disco in Greenland, 20.7. 1884; Kaa- 

 fjord in northern Norway, 16.7.1885; Spitzbergen, 6.8.1910. 



The rhizome is either vertical or oblique and may attain 

 a length of as much as 5 cm. The primary root dies early, 

 but adventitious roots arise especially from the nodes of 

 the rhizome; a sympodium is formed when flowering begins. 

 The stem is erect and ribbed, especially the fruit-stalk, and 

 it is hairy with reddish-brown hairs which are most dense 

 upon the peduncle. Some dwarf individuals from Hudson Strait 

 which I measured were 2 cm. high, but the usual height is 



