393 



ones produce both leaves and flowers, the higher ones are often 

 purely floral, with sessile brads and short internodes. 



Roots arise from the nodes of the stem; they may attain 

 a great length (20 cm.) and are usually unbranched. 



Fig. 36. Ran. liyperborens. 



A, A specimen from Friedrichsthal; about nat. size. / is the main axis which has flowered, 

 the two last leaves subtend lateral axes {II) which bear flower-buds. Axes of the third 

 order have begun to develop. A leaf is seen above. B, A somewhat etiolated plant which 

 has probabl}' just quitted the winter condition; leaf «,-^4 is dead, as also the leafy axis 

 which occurs behind it; the leaves n-^S and n-j-6 (omitted from the figure) subtended 

 lateral axes which now are independent. (Kingigtortadlit 1.7.1887; about nat. size). 

 C, Gemmule (Spitzbergen: Gaseö ; Vi); г, root; a, scar, ansAvering to the point of attach- 

 ment to the parent-axis. 



B. hyperboreus passes the winter without visible means of 

 protection. Plants which have just begun to grow in spring, 

 have long, slender, and apparently etiolated shoots from the 

 dead stem of the preceding year (Fig. 36, B). 



The flowers are small and short-stalked and the leaves 



