417 



iVIycorrhizas are present; the byphæ form balls in the 

 inner cortical cells. 



The rhizome (Fig. 51, Æ") is rounded, and in its anatomy 

 bears resemblance to that of A. nemorosa, but it is not so 

 decidedly modified to contain reserve food-material. The epi- 

 dermis is not especially thick-walled ; the cortex is compact 

 in structure , the intercellular spaces are not large. Con- 

 centric with the epidermis and about midway between it and 

 the centre of the rhizome is an endodermis which when 

 young shows Casparf's dots. From five to ten bundles are 

 arranged in a ring; the woody parts which have large vessels 

 are often more or less fused together. Their number then 

 may be ascertained from the leptome-groups, which occur iso- 

 lated from each other. The pith is not broken down. The 

 starch- grains are highly compound. 



The peduncle has about 12 bundles which in the young 

 stalk are devoid of stereom, but in the older fruit-stalk, have 

 about four layers of fibrous tissue outside the leptome and a 

 fairly definite, interfascicular lignified ring of about five layers 

 with somewhat thickened walls. Between the vessels and the 

 sieve-tissue a little wood-parenchyma is found and on the inner 

 side of vessels occurs a considerable amount of small-celled, 

 slightly collenchymatously thickened parenchyma, which is 

 bounded internally by an endodermis-like layer which abuts 

 upon the somewhat large-celled and more or less broken-down 

 pith. — The cortex consists of 6 — 7 layers and is looser in 

 structure than that of the rhizome ; in the outer part there 

 are tangential schizogenous lacunæ. The cells of the epider- 

 mis have but slightly thickened outer walls and a smooth 

 cuticle; they contain some chlorophyll. The stomata are on 

 a level with the surface or else project slightly; the hairs are 

 unicellular, slightly suberized and often excentrically thickened. 



The leaf is slightly hairy along the margin and bears, 

 scattered on both surfaces, pointed hairs the walls of which 



