421 



from the horizontal part of the rhizome only slender roots 

 arise. 



The numerous stamens protrude far beyond the four closely 

 placed, delicate perianth-leaves (Fig. 53, J5), the colour of 

 which varies somewhat from yellow to violet or greyish-red to 

 grey-green. The stamens have usually violet filaments and 

 brownish-yellow anthers. 



Axell(I869) found Thalictrum alpinum to be homogamous, 

 LiNDMAN and Ekstam (1. c.) protogynous-homogamous. Lindman 

 thinks that it is especially during the homogamous stage that 

 the stigmas receive pollen, as they are covered by the far-pro- 

 truding stamens and the bell-shaped perianth. Warming (note- 

 book) found no honey in Greenland specimens. No pollinating 

 agents have been observed; the plant is anemophilous (Lindman, 

 Warming, notebook). 



Lecoyer figures anthers of Thalict. alp. from the different 

 habitats of the plant and finds great variation in their length 

 as well as in that of the elongation of the connective of the 

 anther; for instance, according to him, there is a great differ- 

 ence between the anthers from Norway and those from Lapland. 

 In the material at my disposal they all resembled the one which 

 1 have figured from Kobbefjord in Greenland (Fig. 53, D) ; in 

 specimens from Arctic Russia the stamens were however 

 somewhat smaller and the connective was somewhat longer and 

 more pointed. 



Thalict. alpinum flowers in July and the fruit ripens in 

 August. Lindman (I. c. p. 101) found fruit with seed capable of 

 germination at a height of 900 m. — The fruit is dispersed by 

 the agency of the wind, according to Ekstam (1897). 



In Arctic Norway Thalictrum alpinum is found both in the 

 lowlands and the highlands, on horizontal ground and on slopes; 

 it is about twice as common upon the sunny side as upon the 

 indifferent and shady sides ; it can grow in pools and can live 



