427 



Fig. 56), but other scale-leaves may also subtend shoots. The 

 first leaves upon the shoots are foliage-leaves, and they develop 

 during the same year as the Oower of the parent-axis; the 

 first two are lateral, while the others (foliage-leaves and scale- 

 leaves) follow in a spiral, those scale-leaves which develop- 

 last protecting the bud for the next year. The principal bud 

 frequently flowers the same year as the parent-axis, and in 



П 



leeé 



1882 



Fig. 56. Coptis trifolia. 



(Sukkertoppen; 10. 8. 84 V2). The two lowermost leaves were developed in 1882, after 

 which scale-leaves were developed; the shoot I flowered in 1883; the uppermost scale- 

 leaf on axis I subtended axis II, of which the foliage-leaves were developed in 1883; 

 the shoot flowered in 1884, and the first leaf of the principal bud developed in the 



same year. 



that case its uppermost scale-leaf subtends the bud which 

 remains throughout the winter, and which by that time may 

 have developed about three foliage-leaves. 



The scale-leaves are leaf-sheaths morphologically, the 

 upper ones often bear small, rudimentary laminæ. The foliage- 

 leaves have a short, compact sheath, a long and slender stalk, 

 and a tripartite lamina with broadly ovate segments that are 

 shallowly lobed and have pointed teeth. The bracts are either 

 lanceolate sheaths, and are in such a case no doubt colourless, 



