433 



dies early in all the species, and there is a well-marked prin- 

 cipal bud in the uppermost leaf-axil of the rosette: Ran. sid- 

 phureus, acer and affiinis which have only foliage-leaves, and 

 Ban. glacialis, nivalis and yygmæus which have also scale-leaves. 



To this group also E. 7-eptans may be referred but the 

 main axis is creeping. These species are hemicryptophytes^. 



B. R. hyperöoreus, lapponicus and PaUasii belong to the 

 same type: The adult plant has no rosette, the straight stem 

 creeps above the ground or in the moss, and in R. lapp. and 

 PaUasii the branches often grow obliquely downward. R. hyper- 

 boreus and PaUasii are without a well-marked principal bud. 

 In R. lapp. a principal bud occurs. — Hemic ryptophy tes, or 

 perhaps R. lapp. and PaUasii may also be cryptophytes. 



Batrachium confervoides is no doubt nearest to this group; 

 but is a hydrophyte. 



С Anemone Richardsoni, Coptis trifolia and Thalictrum 

 alpinum may be referred to the same type: There is a creeping 

 subterranean rhizome and a principal bud which occurs in the 

 axil of the uppermost leaf in Anetnone Richardsoni and Coptis 

 trifolia and in the axil below the uppermost in the specimens 

 of Thalictrum alpinum examined by me. There is no aerial 

 stem. The rhizome of Anemone RicJiardsoni is monomorphic 

 and bears foliage-leaves especially. Coptis trifolia and 27ш- 

 lictrum alpinum have a dimorphic rhizome, the horizontal part 

 of which bears scale-leaves, while the vertical part with short 

 internodes bears foliage-leaves and scale-leaves in regular alter- 

 nation. In Coptis trifolia the leaves pass the winter in a 

 green condition. — Hemicryptophytes. Anemone Richardsoni 

 may perhaps also be a cryptophyte. 



II. Flo we r-b iology. The flowers in probably all the 

 species are well- developed by the latter part of the summer 



' Raunkiær: Planterigets Livsformer og deres Betydning for Geografien. 

 København, 1907. 



