454 



the first case the rejuvenating shoot develops large, true foliage- 

 leaves, placed in the axil of the uppermost leaf of the spring- 

 roselte, but in the second case this at once develops thick 

 brown scale-leaves, rich in starch (Fig. 2 A). This latter charac- 

 teristic has the advantage, that it can be used in the deler- 

 minalion of materials also from the early summer-lime, natur- 

 ally, with an exact result, only if spirit-materials are concerned. 



The comprehension of the position of the winler-bud in 

 relation to the flower-stalk and the character of the rejuvenating 

 shoot are the key to the distinction between the arctic and the 

 temperate type of the genus Pinguicula. 



In the arctic type of P. vulgaris a reduction has 

 thus occurred, though not a very strikingly deep 

 one, but this reduction, however, indicates a pe- 

 culiar adaptation to the shorter period of growth of 

 the arctic region s. 



Whether a similar reduction of the shoot-structure can be 

 found in other arctic plants I have not been able to investigate, 

 but a priori I should not think it impossible. The morpho- 

 logical type, here described as specially arctic, will be found 

 again in t. villosn. The phenomenon which in P. vulgaris 

 represents only an adaptation to the arctic climate, represents 

 in P. villosa the normal shape. An autumn-rosette is never 

 developed, but the rejuvenating bud directly passes into its 

 rest as hibernacle (Fig. 3, Л kB). One more peculiarity of 

 the shoot-structure will further be found in P. villosa, but this 

 is exclusively occasioned by certain circumstances of the soil 

 in which it grows, and not by the influence of climatic factors; 

 this case will not be mentioned more closely here. 



P. alpina does not differ in shoot-structure from the ordi- 

 nary temperate type; everywhere in its geographical area even 

 in northern Scandinavia, it develops its autumn-rosette. 



The fruit-stalk also in this species does not seem to 

 be subject to quick decay; by the growth of the autumn- 



