467 



in the majority of the arctic flowers in my material. Whether 

 this peculiar phenomenon is caused by a natural tension in 

 the stigma or by the agency of an insect I cannot decide, 

 though its frequency makes the first mentioned explanation 

 probable. In the cases mentioned here the stigma has been 



Fig. 10. Pinguicula vulgaris. 



A—C, A flower, seen from different sides; it had two rudimen- 

 tary anthers, but the pistil was normal. D — F, A flower with 

 only one anther; the pistil was normal; D, Side-view; E, front- 

 view; F. back-view. G, A flower with a spur, slightly divided 

 into two parts. H, A hair from the inner side of the corolla. 

 A—F, From Tromsø; Q~H, From Godhavn in Greenland (E. W.) 



thickly covered with germinating pollen (Fig. 9, Б, C, D]. Ac- 

 cording to all investigators only very few insects visit the 

 flowers of B. vulgaris^ and in the arctic countries, where 

 larger insects are fewer in number than in other regions, the 

 necessity of self-pollination must be exceedingly great. This 

 agrees very well with ihe usual explanation of the biological 

 circumstances in arctic countries: that self-pollination is, as 

 first mentioned bv Warming, very common here. 



