480 



further arise; but here we still want the necessary preliminary 

 works from the temperate regions; the investigations hitherto 

 made to clear up the most important question regarding the 

 knowledge of the insectivorous plants cannot be used as a 

 basis for arctic ecological studies. (Kellermann & v. Racmer, 

 F. Darwin, M. Büsgen, etc) — 



A synopsis of the animals which serve as nourishment 

 for the insectivorous plants in the different regions will perhaps 

 be not quite without interest in the judgement of their eco- 

 nomy; as far as I know, there has not previously been published 

 anything save scattered and unsatisfying remarks on this point 

 (Ch. Darwin, 0. Penzig, Klinggraeff, etc.) The following syn- 

 opsis is the first essay in the said direction, but naturally it 

 is too defective to be able to afford a basis for any kind of 

 judgement. 



III. Anatomy. 



Pinguicula vulgaris L. and Pinguicula alpina L. 



Klein, 1880, p. UOl; 1882, p. 60; 1883, p. 167, tab. 

 IX & X. Russow, p. 417. Van Tieghem & Docliot, p. 279. Dan- 

 geard & Barbé, 1887, p. 307. Dangeard, 1888, p. 260. Hove- 

 lacqde, 1888 a, p. 262; 1888 b, pp. 641 & 713. Fenner. 



The merely descriptive part of the anatomy of P. vulgaris 

 has been treated so fully as regards the temperate type, that 

 new facts can scarcely be added, and the differences between 

 this and the arctic one seems so small, that, from a mere 

 anatomical investigation, they appear to be alike. Also P. alpina 

 and P.villosa (Fig. 16, G) do not present features which at the 

 present time can be connected with the conditions in the arctic 

 countries. But from this we do not venture to conclude that in 

 the economy of the plants there are not found circumstances 

 caused by the influence of climatical factors, and that the 



