130 PRESIDENT’S ADDRESS—SECTION F. 
From this table we learn that all people are divided into two 
important groups, viz., breadwinners, representing about 44-2 per 
cent. of all persons, and non-breadwinners or dependants, com- 
posed mainly of wives and children, representing 55:8 per cent. 
of the total populations. Thus it appears that the wants of all 
must be provided by the service of less than half the total number 
of those who consume wants. The’ proportions of the bread- 
winners necessary to effect this service are as follows. That is 
to say, for every 100 persons engaged in services of exchange 
— there must be on the aggregate the following proportions 
nearly :— 
PERCENTAGE PROPORTION. 
Agricultural and Pastoral services... ce . 52°56 
Industrial services ,. Be 45 &. Ff Soo. SUF LL 
Domestic services... » =. sett so ROS 
Commercial services a Kee , Rac ha wore 
Professional and other undefined services a Lote fines 
otal. ane me sek ae me ... 1000 
It will be seen that the simple services of the agriculturist and 
herdsman are by far the most important (52-5 per cent.), and 
that the next in importance are the industrial services, embracing 
all artisans and labourers, representing 30-1 per cent. The 
higher skilled workmen of this group only represent about 11 per 
cent. of all services. As the balance of services—commercial and 
professional—only amount to 10°6 per cent., it follows that of all 
services required only 21:6 per cent. demand skill of a higher order ; 
and that 78:4 per cent. represent agricultural and other labourers 
and domestic servants, in respect of which skill of a high order is 
not absolutely requisite. 
It is largely due to the flooding of particular kinds of employ- 
ment beyond the strict proportions which local wants demand that 
inconvenience or distress is felt in young as well as old countries. 
The numbers which can find entry into the higher industrial, the 
commercial, and professional divisions cannot, without unhealthy 
competition, be increased beyond the relative proportions which 
these divisions must bear to the producing industries of 
the particular country; and these dominating industries in 
Australasia are agricultural, pastoral, and mining. Employment 
in other divisions can only follow substantial increases in the three 
industries named ; for manufacturing industries cannot alter their 
present proportions independently, as in England, until such time 
as they are able to manufacture for the markets of other countries 
than the local one. This applies much more strongly to the 
smaller division represented by unskilled labour (not agricultural), 
and by the commercial and professional classes. These certainly 
