PRESIDENTS ADDRESS—SECTION F. 155 
condition, and rarely, of themselves, are able to contribute to the 
maintenance and increase of machines and instruments to serve 
as auxiliaries of production to future labour. They, however, in 
their social relations, more than contribute the average share of 
the future surplus workers, whose efforts must be proportionately 
supplemented by capital and power-multiplying instruments if 
they are to enjoy the same or a further improved condition. 
Those workers whose earnings are suflicient to provide comforts 
beyond the limits of bare prime necessaries may, however, by 
self-denial in the satisfactions of comforts, lay by a small store of 
savings which, in time, may swell into such valuable auxiliaries 
_to earnings, that the self-denial in comforts hitherto may be 
rewarded in the greater satisfaction in comfort in the future, and 
even in adding considerably to the store of wealth, which may 
be converted into the more permanent capitalised auxiliary 
instruments of power, which will benefit the generation coming 
after them. 
Those, however, who contribute most largely to the creation of 
the permanent instruments which add unknown power to the 
efforts of hand labour, are chiefly those who either have inherited 
these or similar creations from their ancestors, or who, by 
extraordinary energy, skill, or self-denial, or all together—in the 
earlier part of their lives—are now enabled, after satisfying the 
three primary wants and comforts, to indulge the prevailing 
passion of comfortable people, z.c., the accumulation of wealth or 
power over wealth. This passion in itself is, at this stage, 
undoubtedly a personal luxury ; but, unlike the luxuries which 
are directed to greater fersonal consumption, it is fortunately 
directed to that form of immaterial enjoyment which springs 
from the knowledge that the owner possesses the power to direct 
the mode or secure the best conditions in which wealth may be 
further employed. Fortunately for the world at large, self- 
interest at this stage converts into a virtue what otherwise would 
be a vice ; for the passion to further secure luxury of power over 
wealth, and to augment it, restricts personal indulgence in 
further consuming the material fruits of labour and the material 
gratuitous stores of nature, and runs parallel with that course 
which favours increased production relative to numbers, involving 
the improvement of the social and economic condition of all 
labourers ; z.¢., the wealthy man or industrial chief does not, or 
cannot, increase his own personal consumption of the materia/ 
fruits of labour, skill, enterprise, and the gratuitous gifts of 
nature beyond a moderate standard. The unconsumed material 
surplus by passion, self-interest, and even the better motives, is 
necessarily devoted to multiplying and sustaining the inanimate, 
costly, and powerful permanent aids to human productive power 
which alone distinguishes civilised populous communities from 
those of the miserable and bare-handed savage races, whose 
