PROCEEDINGS OF SECTION B. Bal f3) 
achieved is due. The chemical staff then fast increased in numbers, 
but it was not till I visited Europe in ’85 and saw there to what 
an extent the supervision of industrial work was passing into the 
hands of those having chemical knowledge that any large portion 
of the practical work was entrusted to members of our chemical 
staff. I sought, however, authority for such a change, and during 
the past two or three years have gradually, as chances offered, 
transferred to men who were trained chemists or analysts, the 
management of a large part of our manufacturing operations. 
The method adopted now is as follows :—There is a central 
laboratory in Sydney, where the head chemist is stationed. Here 
five or six officers, including juniors receiving elementary training, 
are always at work, and to this centre all the returns from each 
factory are forwarded weekly. At each sugar-mill and refinery 
(nine and three respectively) there are employed a chemist or 
analyst, and one or more juniors or assistants—not counting the 
officers who may be engaged in overlooking the manufacture— 
and each of these analysts is responsible for the chemical 
investigations to be carried out at his station. At the mills 
these comprise :— 
1. Analysis of the sugar-cane as received 
2. 2 5» juice expressed 
3 _ 5, megass er crushed cane after the juice 
has been removed 
4, A 5, Clarified juice 
ap _ £5 as 5, after it has been boiled down 
6. . », massecuite from the pans 
is u » sugar and molasses 
8. iS eM Coal 
and in addition a record is kept of the work done, and each week 
a statement is prepared which shows the quantity of cane crushed 
and sugar produced. The work, of course, is so arranged that 
the more important analyses which determine the amount of 
sugar lost in the various processes are made frequently, and those 
of smaller moment as time permits. 
At the refineries the sugar is all sampled and analysed according 
to the various brands on being landed from the ships, and it is 
stowed so that it can be procured as wanted. Each day’s melting 
is again analysed, and the weekly averages of all sugars and syrup 
produced. There is also a careful examination made of the bone- 
black used for filtering, to determine if this has been rightly 
re-burned, and full analyses of this also are made from time to 
time. The records of the work are prepared on different lines 
from those for the mills, but there is a similar check, and 
occasional investigations have also to be made into other points 
connected with the refinery work. 
