eel eee eS 
PROCEEDINGS OF SECTION C. 449 
Tertiary ; 6 belong to both groups, while 7 others are not known 
elsewhere, either fossil or recent. Professor Tate thinks that. 
there are good grounds for supposing that many of the extinct 
species are derived from an older formation, and that the beds. 
are thus really younger than the percentage of recent forms 
would indicate. They rest upon the Lower Tertiary, which must 
have been cut through just before, or concurrently with, their 
deposition, so that the supposition is likely enough to be correct. 
The results of the later gatherings are certainly favourable to 
this view. The older Tertiary species are represented by rare, 
or even by single, specimens, while there are usually numerous 
examples of the recent ones. The latter also are often as fresh- 
looking as if they had just been picked up on the beach, while 
the former are worn and faded. If not actually Post-Tertiary, as 
I previously classed them, the beds cannot be assigned to an 
earlier period than late Pliocene. 
At the time of their deposition, the mouth of the Glenelg 
must have been nearly as far north as the present Limestone 
Creek, when of course a great part of the province would still be 
submerged. The river, no doubt, entered the sea by a wide 
estuary, up which the tide could advance for a considerable 
distance. Tall cliffs bounded it on either side, the outlines of 
which were probably much the same as now. As the shells are 
found also in the lower course of Limestone Creek, this stream 
must have been in existence at the time, entering the Glenelg 
not far from its ancient mouth. 
I know of no equivalents to these beds in the south-west, or, 
indeed, in any other part of Victoria. 
IV.—PLEISTOCENE AND RECENT. 
Next in order come, I think, the immense sheets of basalt 
which overspread a great part of Normanby, as well as the 
counties to the east. The whole of it belongs to the division 
known as Newer Basalt by Victorian geologists, though possibly it 
may consist of more than one flow. All of it, however, is 
younger than the oyster beds, and older than the dune limestone, 
the next succeeding formation. In the well-known section at 
Whaler’s Bluff, Portland, the earliest flow, if there be more than 
one, rests directly on the Ostrea limestone, while at Capes Grant, 
Nelson, and Bridgewater, where the dune limestone is best seen, 
the basalt is invariably the inferior rock. That it is younger 
than the Limestone Creek beds cannot be directly proved, but 
for reasons which I have given elsewhere,* and need not therefore 
repeat, I believe it to be so. 
With the exception of that at Cape Bridgewater, the various 
vents from which the lava streams issued appear to have been 
= Op.cit. Roy. Soc. South Australia, 1889. 
*o 
