700 TOWN SANITATION. 
character. The principal streets are macadamised, the footpaths 
are properly kerbed, and the water-tables well paved. The water 
supply is derived from a well, sunk by the Government, on a 
rising ground near the town, from whence reticulations are carried 
over the greater portion of the town. Except in a few instances 
on the west side, where a few soakage-wells are sunk, the waste 
water is allowed to run into the water-tables, and thence into the 
Para River. The ordinary cesspit and privy is in use, and many 
of them possess the usual defects of being too large and full of 
leaks, and of remaining too long a time unemptied. In a few 
cases the earth-system is adopted, as at Messrs, James Martin 
and Co.’s yard, where over 300 men and boys are employed. In 
this instance the system is supervised by the company with 
care and attention, and the best results are said to follow. 
Slaughtering is not permitted within the boundary. There is a 
medical health officer and an inspector of nuisances. 
Burra. 
The Burra township is distant 100 miles north of Adelaide. 
When the famous “ Burra Burra” copper mines were in operation 
it was the scene of great activity. Since their cessation the 
population has greatly diminished. It now numbers some 2600 
inhabitants. It is the centre of an agricultural district, and a 
depét for cattle going to the far north, or southwards to the 
Adelaide market. It has had railway communication with the 
metropolis for many years. The town comprises several settle- 
ments, each going by a differentname. The site is, on the whole, 
good. The soil is hard and stoney, very unfavourable for absorp- 
tion or percolation. The houses are fairly built and arranged. 
In Kooringa they are closely packed, while at Redruth and 
Aberdeen they are scattered. The water supply is from an old 
mine called the “Bon Accord,” and is considered to be good. A 
- supplementary supply has to be secured for the residents on what 
is known as “The Flat,” where, unfortunately, the houses 
are numerous and the cesspits, in many cases, nothing more than 
large holes in the ground. A licensed nightman attends to the 
cleaning of the cesspits, but as each resident has to pay the cost, 
not as a rate, but directly to the nightman, he employs him as 
seldom as possible. The waste water is allowed to pass into the 
street water-tables, and thence into the ‘‘ Burra” Creek. Dry 
refuse is removed periodically by an authorised scavenger, and 
the excreta is deposited and trenched on a farm at some distance. 
This part of the work is well done. Butchers’ premises are, on 
the whole, well looked after. There is no medical health officer. 
All sanitary work is done by an inspector under the direction of 
the local health board. 
