of the Fishery Board for Scotland. 229 



II. DoRSO- Ventral Heiuht, at three points, the same as th(j3e selected 



for the girth measurement. 

 III. L. Fins. Length of Paired Fins. — 



(1) Ventr. Lengtli of ventral hii, measuring from the bases 



of the fin-rays to the tip of the longest ray. 



(2) Pect. Length of the pectoral hn, measuring from the 



• base of the first fin- ray to the hind edge of the 

 fin. 

 IV. Greatest Height or Breauth of Unpaired Fins. 

 V Tail Kami — 



(1) I. dorsal. Length of the dorsal ramus of tail, measuring 



from the base of the most anterior caudal rays 

 to the tip of the dorsal ramus. 



(2) /. ventral. Ditto of ventral ramus. 



(3) Spread, or the greatest breadth (dorso-ventral measurement) 



of the tail. For this purpose the tail is not 

 spread out to its fullest extent, but is simply 

 allowed to drop on to the measuring-board. 

 VI. Eye. Horizontal diameter and vertical diameter, as measured 



from one edge of the orbit to the other. 

 VII. Interorbital Space. 



VIII. FlxV-RAYS— 



1 D, 2 D, o D. The number of tin-rays in the first, second, and 



third dorsal fins. 

 1 A, ,i A. The number of fin-rays in the rst and second 

 anal fins. 

 IX. Vertebr-E. The number of vertebrae. 



The following characters, x.-xxi. inclusive, have been recorded as pro- 

 jections on the lateral axis. The lateral axis is a line drawn from the 

 most anterior point of the fish to the middle of the tail fin. 



X. I. Snout. — The length of the snout, viz., from the tip of the pre- 

 maxilla to the anterior border <jf the orbit. 

 The remaining characters are all measured from the most anterior 

 point in the fish, i.e., in the Cod the tip of the premaxilla, and in the 

 Saithe and Lythe the tip of the mandible. 



XI. Projection op Mandible. — Distance l)etwcen the tip of 



mandible and the tip of premaxilla. 

 XII. Eye. — Distance from the most anterior point of the fish to the 

 anterior border of the orbit. 



XIII. Ventr. /. — Distance from anterior point to the base of outer 



fin-rays. 



XIV. Op. cl. — Distance from anterior point to the top of the 



opercular cleft. 

 XV. Pect. ./'. — Distance from anterior point to the base of top ray of 



the pectoral fin. 

 XVI. Anus. — Distance from anterior point to the anterior border of 

 anus. 

 XVII. 1 D, 2 D, 3 D. — Distance from anterior point to the beginning 



.... and end of base of the first, &c., dorsal fins. 

 XVIII. 1 A, 2 A. — Distance from anterior point to the beginning 

 .... and end of the first and second anal fins. 

 XIX. Base of Tail. — Distance from anterior point to the beginning 

 of the tail fin — d dorsal edge, v ventral edge. 



