230 Part III.—2\ventieth Annual Report 



XX. Rami of Tail. — Distance from anterior point to tlie dorsal {d) 



and ventral (/;) tips of the rami of tail. 

 XXI. Lateral Line. — Beginning of Bend. Distance from anterior 

 point to the level where the lateral line begins to turn upwards. 

 In addition to the foregoing the following two vertical measurements 

 were made in connection with the course of the lateral line : — 

 XXII. (1) Ht. Bend at Anus. (2) Ht. Bend at P. /.—Height of the 

 bend above the line of the straight caudal portion of the lateral 

 line, (1) at the level of the anus, (2) at the level of the base 

 of the pectoral fin. 



Measuring Board. 



A board similar to that used in the research on the Mackerel (Eight- 

 eenth Annual Report of the Fishery Board, pp. 295 and 297) was 

 employed in the present case. 



The measurements have been made in centimetres. The equivalents in 

 the English standard may be readily got from the following examples : — 



2-5 cm. =1 inch : 15 cm. =6 inches: 30 cm. = l foot. 



45 cm. =1 foot 6 inches : 75 cm. =2 feet 6 inches : 100 cm. =3 feet 3 inches. 



Conversion op the Measurements into Percentages. 



The measurements were converted into percentages of one standard 

 length, viz., the total length of the fish. The total length of the fish is 

 the distance from the most anterior point (viz., in the cod the tip of the 

 premaxilla, in the saithe and lythe the tip of the mandible) to the 

 extremity of the middle ray of the tail. The middle rays of the tail do 

 not project directly backwards, but are inclined a little downwards. The 

 dimensions represented as percentages of this standard are given in 

 Tables I. (Cod), II. (Saithe), III. (Lythe). 



(Table. 



