CONIFEEiE. 



SILVA OF NORTH AMERICA. 



21 



4 Picea hicolor, Mayr. Monog. Abiet. Jap. 49, t. 3, f. 8 (1890). 



Abies Alcoquiana, Lindley, Gard. Chron. 1861, 23 (in part).— 

 K. Koch, Dendr. ii. pt. ii. 245 (in part). 



Abies hicolor, Maximowicz, Bull. Acad. Sci. St. Petershourg, x. 

 488 (Mel. Biol. vi. 24) (1866). — Franchet & Savatier, Enum. PL 

 Jap. i. 467. 



Picea Alcochianay Carri^re, Traite Conif. ed. 2, 343 (1867.) — 

 Masters, Gard. Chron. n. ser. xiii. 212, f . 41, 43 ; Jour. Linn. Soc. 

 xviii. 508, f. 7-9 (Conifers of Japan). — Hennings, Gartenflora, 

 xxxviii. 216, f. 40. 



Pinus AlcoquianOy Parlatore, De Candolle Prodr. xvi. pt. u. 417 

 (1868). 



AUes Alcockiana, Gordon, Pinetunif ed. 2, 4 (not Lindley) 

 (1875). 



Picea bicolor, which is probably rare and not widely distributed, 

 is a tree seldom more than seventy or eighty feet in height, with 

 a trunk sometimes two feet in diameter, tetragonal leaves, and 

 stout cones five or six inches in length, with thin rounded scales 

 which are slightly denticulate on the margins and become reflexed 

 at maturity. It appears to exist in American gardens only in a 

 very young state, and to be exceedingly rare in Europe. In the 

 mountains of Japan the old trees with their feeble branches and 

 sparse foliage possess little beauty. 



s Picea Torano, Koehne, Deutsche Dendr. 22 (1893). 



? Pinus Abies, Thunberg, Fl. Jap. 275 (not Linnaeus) (1784). 

 f Pinus Tkunbergii, Lambert, Pinus, ii. Preface, p. v. (1824). 

 Abies Torano, Siebold, Verhand. Batav. Genoot. Konst. Wet. xii. 

 12 (1830). — K. Koch, /. c. 233. 



-I ^ 



? Abies Thunbergii, Lindley, Penny Cycl. i. 34 (1833). 



Abies polita, Siebold & Zuccarini, Fl. Jap. ii. 20, t. Ill 

 (1842). — Miquel, Ann. Mus. Bot. Lugd. Bat. iii. 167 {Prol. Fl. 

 Jap.). — Franchet & Savatier, I. c. 466. — Gordon, I. c. 16. 



Pinus polita, Antoine, Conif 95, t. 36, f. 1 (1840-47). — End- 

 licher, Syn. Conif 121. — Parlatore, I. c. 



Picea polita, Csivvi^ve, Traite Conif 256 (1855). — Bertrand, 



Ann. Sci. Nat. sdr. 5, xx. 85. — Masters, Gard. Chron. n. ser. 



xiii. 233, f. 44 ; Jour. Linn. Soc. xviii. 507 (Conifers of Japan). — 



Mayr, Z. c. 46, t. 3, f. 7.— Beissner, Handb. Nadelh. 380, f. 

 102. 



Abies Smithiana, Gordon, Pinetum, 12 (in part) (not Loudon) 

 (1858). 



On the Nikko Mountains Picea Torano is a stunted tree thirty or 

 forty feet in height, with a thin top and short ragged branches ; it 

 is distinguished by its stout rigid falcate tetragonal sharp-pointed 

 yellow-green leaves, and by its broadly ovate cones from four to 

 six inches in length, with rounded scales thin, entire or slightly 

 fimbriated on the margins. Ugly and unattractive in its native 

 forests, Picea Torano is one of the hardiest of the Asiatic Spruce- 

 trees in the gardens of the United States and England, into which 

 it was introduced thirty or forty years ago, and in which, still 

 retaining the dense habit and the shapely form of youth, it pro- 

 duces cones abundantly every season. 



F 



^ Picea Jezoensis, Carrifere, I.e. 255 (1855). — Beissner, I. c. 389. 

 Abies Jezoensis, Siebold & Zuccarini, I. c. t. 110 (1842). — 

 Miqnel, I. c. 



Pinus Jezoensis, Antoine, I. c. 97, t. 37, f. 1 (1840-47). — End- 

 licher, I. c. 120. 



Abies Ajanensis, Lindley & Gordon, Jour. Hort. Soc. Lond. v. 

 212 (1850). — Maximowicz, Bull. Phys. Math. Acad. Sci. St. 

 Petershourg, xv, 436 (Baume und Strducher des Amurlands). 



Picea Ajanensis, Trautvetter & Meyer, Middendorff Reise, i. 

 pt. ii. 87, t. 22-24 (Fl. Ochot.) (1856). — Carriere, I. c. 259.— 



Kegel & Tilling, Fl. Ajan. 119. — Maximowicz, Mem. Sav. iStr. 

 Acad. Sci. St. Petersbourg, ix. 261 (Prim. Fl. Amur.). — Hegel, 

 Mem. Acad. Sci. St. Petersbourg, ser. 7, iv. No. 4, 136 (Tent. Fl. 

 Ussur.). — Masters, Gard. Chron. n. ser, xiii. 115, f. 22; xiv. 427, 

 f. 80-84, ser. 3, iii. 52, f. 10 ; Jour. Linn. Soc. xviii. 508, f . 8-10 

 (Conifers of Japan). — Trautvetter, Act. Hort. Petrop. ix. 212 

 (Incrementa Fl. Ross.). — Hennings, I, c. — Mayr, I. c. 53, t. 4, 

 f. 10. — Beissner, I. c. 385, f. 104. 



Picea Ajanensis, a genuina, Trautvetter & Meyer, I. c. (1856). 



Picea Ajanensis, $ subintegerrima, Trautvetter & Meyer, I. c. 

 (1856). 



Abies microsperma, Lindley, Gard. Chron. 1861, 22.— Gordon, 

 Pinetum, Suppl. 12.— A. Murray, Proc. R. Hort. Soc. ii. 429, f, 

 111-118; The Pines and Firs of Japan, 69, f. 129-136. 



Abies Alcoquiana, Lindley, I. c. 1861, 23 (in part). — A. Mur- 

 ray, Proc.R. Hort. Soc. ii. 426, f. 98-110 ; The Pines and Firs of 

 Japan, QQ, f. 116-128. —Gordon, I. c. 8. 



Picea microsperma, Carriere, Traite Conif. ed. 2, 339 (1867). 



Pinus Menziesii, Parlatore, I. c. 418 (in part) (not D. Don) 

 (1868). 



Pinus Japonica, Parlatore, I. c. (1868). 



Abies Sitchensis, K. Koch, I. c. ii. pt. ii. 247 (in part) (not 

 Lindley & Gordon) (1873). 



Abies Menziesii, Franchet & Savatier, I. c. 467 (not Lindley) 

 (1875). 



Picea Ajanensis, var. microsperma, Masters, Gard. Chron. n. 

 ser. xiii. 115 (1880); Jour. Linn. Soc. xviii. 509 (Conifers of 

 Japan), 



Abies Ajanensis, var. microsperma, Veitch, Man. Conif 66 

 (1881). 



Tsuga Ajanensis, Kegel, Russ. Dendr. ed. 2. pt. i. 39 (1882). 

 Picea Hondoensis, Mayr, I. c. 51, t. 4, f. 9 (1890). 



Picea Jezoensis is a tree from eighty to one hundred feet in 

 height, with slender branches, flat leaves dark green and lustrous 

 below and silvery white above, and slender cones from two to four 

 inches in length, with more or less pointed laciniately cut scales. 

 It bears a strong superficial resemblance to Picea Sitchensis of the 

 northwest coast of North America, from which it, however, diifers 

 in its flatter and generally blunter leaves and in the minute sub- 

 orbicular bracts of the cone-scales. 



This is the common Spruce-tree of Tezo, where, on low rocky 

 hills, it is scattered through the forests of deciduous-leaved trees, 

 either singly or in small groves, and in the western part of the 

 island forms forests on swampy ground not much above the level of 

 the ocean. It is also common on Saghalin and the coast of Man- 

 churia, where it is said to grow in extensive forests. 



Picea Jezoensis is usually called in American and English gar- 

 dens Picea Alcoquiana, one of the synonyms of Picea bicolor; in 

 the eastern United States, where there are cone-bearing specimens 

 from twenty-five to thirty feet in height, it has proved very hardy 

 and one of the most beautiful of the exotic Spruces, especially in 

 early spring, when it may be distinguished by the bright scarlet 

 color of the young leaves when they first emerge from the buds. 



,' Picea Glekni, Masters, Gard. Chron. n. ser. xiii. 300, f. 54 

 (1880); Jour. Linn. Soc. xviii. 513, f. 13 (Conifers of Japan)-, Jour. 

 R. Hort. Soc. xiv. 222. — Mayr, I. c. 56, t. 4, f . 11. — Beissner, I. c. 

 377. 



AUes Glenhi, Fr. Schmidt, Mim. Acad. Sci. St. Petersbourg, s4v. 



7, xii. 176, t. 4, f. 8-12 (FL Sachalinensis) (1868). —Veitch, I c. 80. 



Little is known of this tree, which was discovered on the island 

 of Saghalin, and which grows, also, at a few points near the south- 

 ern coast of Tezo. It is clearly related to the Siberian Picea 



