\ 



CONIFERS. 



8ILVA OF NORTH AMERICA 



33 



PIOEA RUBENS. 



Red Spruce. 



Cones ovate-oblong, early deciduous, their scales rounded, entire, or obscurely 

 denticulate. Brancblets pubescent. Leaves dark yellow-green. 



Picea rubens. 



acutissiraa, 



(1770). 



Pinus Mariana rubra, Du Koi; Ohs, Bot. 39 (1771) ; 



Harhk. Baumz. ii. 129. 

 Pinus Americana rubra, Wangenheim, Nordam. Holz, 



75, t. 16, f. 54 (not Pinus rubra, Miller) (1787). 

 Pinus rubra, Lambert, Pinus, i. 43, t. 28 (not Miller) 



Pinus alba, Elliott, Sh. ii. 640 (not Alton) (1824). 

 Picea rubra, Dietrich, FL BerL ii. 795 (1824) .— Link, 

 Handh. ii. 478 ; Linncea, xv. 621. — Carrlere, TraitS 



^ 



Conif, 240. — S^n^clauze, Conif, 34. — Kegel, Buss. 

 Dendr, pt. i. 19. — Willkomm, Forst. FL ed. 2, 96. 

 Beissner, Handh, Nadelh, 338, f. 95. — Hansen, Jour. 



B. Hort. Soc. xiv. 437 (Pinetum Danicum). 

 Deutsche Dendr. 23. 



Koehne, 



(1803). — Willdenow, Spec. iv. pt. Ii. 507. — Persoon, Abies alba, Jaume St. Hilaire, TraitS des Arhres Forestiers^ 



Syn. ii. 579. — Alton, Hort. Kew. ed. 2, v. 319. — Pursh, 



t. 74, f. 7-9 (not Michaux) (1824). 



FL Am. Sept. ii. 640. — Nuttall, Gen. ii. 223. — Sprengel, Abies nigra, /? rubra, Si^stch., Hist. Veg. xi. 411 (1842). 



Syst. iii. 885. — Brotero, Hist. Nat. Pinheiros^ Larices e 



Hoopes, Evergreens, 170. 



AhetoSy 33. — Hooker, Fl. Bor-Am. Ii. 164. — Antoine, Abies alba, Chapman, FL 435 (not Polret) (1860). — Cur- 



Conif. 87, t. 34, f. 2. — Endlicher, Syn. Conif. 113. 



tis, Eep. Geolog. Surv. iV. Car. 1860, iii. 27. 



Gihoul, Arh. Ees. 44, — Lawson & Son, List No. 10, Picea nigra, Provancher, Flore Canadienne, Ii. 557 (excl. 



Ahietinece, 18. — Dietrich, Syn. v. 394. — Courtin, Fam. 



Conif, 64. 

 413. 



Parlatore, De Candolle Prodr. xvi. pt. ii. 



Abies rubra, Poiret, Lamarch Diet. vi. 520 (1804). 

 Desfontaines, Hist. Arh. ii. 580. — Rafinesque, New Fl, 



var. a squamea) (not Link) (1862). — Peck, Trans. 

 Albany Inst. viii. 283 (in part). — Sargent, Forest Trees 

 N. Am. 10th Census U. S. ix. 202 (in part).- — Masters, 

 Jour. B. Hort. Soc. xiv. 232 (in part). — Fox, Bep. 

 Forest Comm. N. T., 1894, 121, t. 



i. 39. — Lawson & Son, Agric. Man. 368. — Loudon, Picea nigra, var. grisea, Brunet, Cat. Veg. Lig. Can. 59 



Arh. Brit iv. 2316, f . 2228. — Forbes. Pinetum Wohurn. 



(1867). 



101, t. 35. — Knight, Syn. Conif 37. — Lindley & Gor- Abies Americana, K. Koch, Dendr. ii, pt. ii. 241 (not 



don. Jour. Hort. Soc. Bond. v. 211. — Gordon, Pinetum^ 



Miller nor Du Mont de Courset) (1873). 



11. — Henkel & Hochstetter, Syn. Nadelh. 189. — (Nel- Picea nigra, var. rubra, Engelmann, Gard. Chron. n. ser. 



son) Senilis, Pinacece, 51. — Lauche, Deutsche Dendr. 



ed. 2, 92. — Schtibeler, Virid. Norveg. i. 435. 

 Abies nigra, Michaux f. Hist. Arh. Am. i. 123 (in part), 



1. 11 (not Du Roi) (1810). —Gray, Man. 441 (in part). 



Chapman, FL 434. — Curtis, Bep. Geolog. Surv. N. Car. 



1860, iii. 27. 

 Pinus nigra, Elliott, Sk. ii. 640 (not Alton) (1824). 



Torrey, FL N. Y. Ii. 230 (m part). 



xi. 334 (1879). — Watson & Coulter, Gray's Man. ed. 6, 



L 



492. — Eothrock, Bep. Dept. Agric. Penn. 1895, pt. ii. 



Div. Forestry, 281. 

 Picea Mariana, Britton, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club, xxi. 27 



(not Britton, Sterns & Poggenhurg) (1894). — Britton & 



Brown, BL FL i. 55 (in part), f. 122. 

 Picea acutissiraa, J. G. Jack, Garden and Forest, x. 63 



(1897). 



A tree, usually seventy or eighty and occasionally from one hundred to one hundred and ten feet 

 in height^ with a trunk from two to three feet in diameter/ and slender spreading branches which, with 

 abundant light and air, continue to clothe the stem to the ground, forming a narrow and rather formal 

 conical head, or which soon perish on trees crowded in the forest, leaving the trunks naked for at least 

 two thirds of their length, and at the timber-line of high mountains often reduced to a low semiprostrate 

 shrub.^ The bark of the trunk is from one quarter to nearly one half of an inch in thickness, and is 



^ A Red Spruce tree near Meecham Lake, as reported by Mr. 

 Fremont Fuller of Duane, Franklia County, New York, to the 

 Secretary of the Forest Commission of that state, has a trunk 

 circumference of ten feet three inches at four feet above the 



ground. This is the largest trunk of this species of which I have 

 heard. 



2 In 1892 Mr. George Walker of Williamstown, Massachusetts, 

 found near the base of Mt. Hopkins and about three miles from 



