CONIFERS. 



SILVA OF NORTH AMERICA 



43 



PIOEA ENGELMANNI. 



White Spruce. Engelmann Spruce. 



ri r 



Cones oblong-cylindrical or oval, their scales narrowed to a truncate or acute 

 apex, or obovate and rounded, erose-dentate or entire. Branchlets pubescent. Leaves 

 soft and flexible, blue-green, 



Picea Engelmanni, Engelmann, Trans. St. Louis Acad, 



ii. 212 (1863); Gard. Chron. 1863, 1035; n. ser. vli. 

 790 ; xi. 334 ; xvii. 145 ; Gartenflora, xiii. 244 ; Roth- 

 rock Wheelers Rep, vi. 256. — Carrlere, Traite Conif. 

 ed. 2, 348. — Sdn^clauze, Conif. 24. — G. M. Dawson, Can. 

 Nat. n. ser. ix. 325. — Kegel, Russ. Dendr. ed. 2, pt. i. 

 33. — Sargent, Forest Trees N, Am. 10th Census U. S. 



ix. 205. — Coulter, Man. Rocky Mt. Bot. 431. — Mayr, 



Abies Engelmanni, Parry, Trans. St. Louis Acad. ii. 

 122 (1863) ; Am. Nat. viii. 179 ; Proc. Davenport Acad, 

 i. 149. — Henkel & Hochstetter, Syn. Nadelh. 418. — 

 Hoopes, Evergreens^ 111, f. 22. — Watson, King's Rep. 

 V. 332 ; PL Wheeler, 17. — Porter & Coulter, Fl. Colora- 

 do y Hayden's Surv. Misc. Puh. 130. — K. Koch, Dendr. 

 ii. pt. ii. 242. — Hall, Bot. Gazette, ii. 95. — Veitch, 

 Man. Conif. 68. — Lauehe, Deutsche Dendr. ed. 2, 92. 



Wald. Nordam. 352. — Lemmon, Rep. California State Pinus commutata, Parlatore, De Candolle Prodr. xvi. pt. 



Board Forestry, iii. 113, t. 2 (Cone-Bearers of Califor- 



ii. 417 (1868). 



nia)\ West- American Cone-Bearers, 51; Bull. Sierra Abies commutata, A. Murray, Gard. Chron. n. ser. iii. 



Club, ii. 159, t. 23 (Conifers of the Pacific Slope), Beiss- 



106 (1875). — Gordon, Pinetum, ed. 2, 5. 



ner, Handh. Nadelh. 343, f. 97. — Masters, Jour. R. Picea Engelmanni, var. Pranciscana, Lemmon, West' 



Hort. Soc. xiv. 221. — Hansen, Jour. R. Hort. Soc. xiv. 



American Cone-Bearers, 51 (1895). 



422 (Pinetum Danicum). — Koehne, Deutsche Dendr. Picea Columbiana, Lemmon, Garden and Forest, x. 183 



24, f. 8, M. 

 Abies nigra, Engelmann, Am. Jour. Sci. ser. 2, xxxiv. 330 

 - (notDuRoi) (1862). 



(1897) ; Bull. Sierra Club, ii. 158 (Conifers of the Pa- 

 ciflc Slope). 



A tree, often one hundred and fifty feet in height, with a trunk four or five feet in diameter, or 

 frequently, on high mountains at the extreme upper limits of its range, reduced to a shrub with 

 semiprostrate stems. During its early years the slender spreading branches, which are produced in 

 regular whorls one close above another, form a narrow compact symmetrical pyramid, and in old age 

 the trees, which generally grow only in dense forests, either gregariously or mixed with other alpine 

 conifers, produce long naked trunks surmounted by narrow pyramidal heads of short small branches 

 usually pendulous below, horizontal above, and nearly erect at the summit, and gracefully hanging short 

 lateral branchlets. The bark of the trunk is from one quarter to one half of an inch in thickness, 

 light cinnamon-red, and broken into large thin loose scales. The winter-buds are conical or often 

 slightly obtuse, with pale chestnut-brown scales which are scarious and often free or slightly reflexed 

 on the margins. The branchlets, which are comparatively slender, or on trees in high exposed 

 positions often much thickened, are pubescent for three or four years; when they first appear they 

 are pale greenish yellow, turning light or dark orange-brown or gray tinged with brown during 

 their first winter, and then gradually become darker, the thin bark beginning to separate into small 

 flaky scales in their fourth or fifth years. The leaves are soft and flexible, with a strong unpleasant 

 polecat-like odor when bruised, and stand out from all sides of the branch, pointing forward; they are 

 tetragonal, acute, with callous tips, slender, nearly straight, or slightly incurved on vigorous sterile 

 branches, and stouter, shorter, and more incurved on fertile branches, and from an inch to an inch 



r 



and an eighth in length. They are marked on each face with from three to five rows of small stomata, 

 which are more conspicuous on the upper than on the lower side ; when they first appear they are 

 covered with a pale glaucous bloom, which disappears during their first summer, leaving them dark 



