CONIFERjB. 



SILVA OF NORTH AMERICA. 



55 



PICEA SITCHENSIS. 



Tideland Spruce. Sitka Spruce 



Cones cylindrical-oval, their scales oblong-oval, rounded and denticulate above the 

 middle. Branchlets glabrous. Leaves flattened, acute or acuminate, silvery white and 



r 



stomatiferous on the upper surface, often slightly stomatiferous below. 



Picea Sitohensis, Carri^re, Traiti Conif, 260 (1855). 



Bertrand, Arm. Sci, Nat. sdr. 5, xx. 85. — Engelmann, 

 Gard. Chron. n. ser. xi. 344 ; Brewer Sc Watson Bat. Cal, 



*4 



II. 



122. 



Sargent, Forest Trees N. Am. 10th Census 

 Z7. S. ix. 206. — Mayr, Wald. Nordam. 338. — Lemmon, 

 Rep. California State Board Forestry, iii. 115, t. 3 {Cone- 



6. — Cooper, Fadfie B. R. Rep* xii. pt ii. 25, 69 (in 

 part). — Lyall, Jour, Linn. Soc. vii. 131, 133, 143. 

 Henkel & Hochstetter, Syn. Nadelh. 187. — (Nelson) 

 Senilis, Finaeece, 48. — Hoopes, Evergreens, 166 (in 

 part). — Watson, King^s Rep. v. 333 (in part). — Veitch, 

 Man. Conif. 73. — Schtibeler, Virid. Norveg. i. 431, 



Bearers of California) ; West- American Cone-Bearers, Pinus Menziesii, D. Don, Lambert Finus, iii, t. (1837). 



52 ; Bull. Sierra Club, ii. 157 {Conifers of the Facific 



Hooker, Fl. Bor.-Am. ii. 162. — Antoine, Conif 85, t. 33, 



Slove).-~'BeissneT,E:andb. Nadelh. 390, LIOB.— Mas-, f. 1. — Hooker & Arnott, Bot. Voy. Beechey, 394. 



ters, Jour. R. Hort. Soc. xiv. 224. — Herder, Act. Hort. 

 Fetrop. xii. 113 {Fl. Radd.). — Koehne, Deutsche Dendr. 

 24. — Hempel & Wilhelm, Bdume und Strducher, i. 85, 



f. 43. 



Endlicher, Syn. Conif. 112. — Lawson & Son, List No. 

 10, Ahietinece, 15. — Dietrich, Syn. v. 394. — Courtin, 

 Fam. Conif. 61. — Parlatore, De Candolle Frodr. xvi. pt. 

 ii. 418. 



Pinus Sitohensis, Bongard, Veg, Sltcha, 46 (August, 1832) ; Pinus Menziesii, var. crispa, Antoine, Conif. 86, t. 35, f. 



Mem. Fhys. Math. Nat. pt. ii. Acad. Sci. St. FSterS' 

 hourg, ii. 164. — Hooker, Fl. Bor.-Am. ii. 164. — An- 

 toine, Conif. 98, — Endlicher, Syn. Conif. 123. — Lede- 

 bour, Fl. Ross. ill. 672. — Dietrich, Syn, v. 395, 



2 (1840-47). 

 Abies Sitohensis, Lindley & Gordon, Jour. Hort, Soc. 

 Lond. V. 212 (1850). — K. Koch, Dendr. ii. pt. ii, 247 

 (excl. syn.). — Lauche, Deutsche Dendr. ed. 2, 93. 



Abies trigona, Rafinesque, Atlant. Jour. 119 (Autumn, Pioea Menziesii, Carriere, Traiti Conif, 237 (1855), 



1832) ; New Fl. i. 37, — Endlicher, Syn. Conif. 124. 

 Abies falcata, Rafinesque, Atlant, Jour. 120 (Autumn, 



1832) ; New Fl. i, 38. — Endlicher, Syn, Conif 127. 



Carriere, Traite Conif. 268, 

 Abies Menziesii, Lindley, Fenny Cycl. 1, 32 (1833). 



Lawson & Son, Agric. Man. 378. — Forbes, Finetum 



Wobum, 93, t. 32. — Nuttall, Sylva, iii. 131, t. 116. 



Knight, Syn. Conif. 37. — Lindley & Gordon, Jour, 



Masters, Gard, Chron. n. ser. xxv. 728, f. 161, 162. 



Wilikomm, Forst. Fl. ed. 2, 98. 

 Pioea Menziesii, var. orispa, Carriere, Traiti Conif 237 



(1855). — Hoopes, Evergreens, 168. 

 Picea Ajanensis, Bertrand, J[?i?z. Sci. Nat. s4t, 5, xx. 85 



(not Trautvetter & Meyer) (1874). 



Tsuga Sitohensis, Regel, Russ. Dendr, ed. 2, pt. i. 40 

 (1883), 



Hort. Soc. Lond. v. 211. — Newberry, Facific R. R. Pioea Sitkaensis, Wittstein, Sitz. Math.-nat. Akad. Wiss. 



Rep. vi. pt, iii. 56, 90, f . 21, t. 9. — Gordon, Finetum, 



Wien, xcix. pt. i. 528 (1891). 



A tree, usually about a hundred feet In height, with a conspicuously tapering trunk which is 

 often three or four feet In diameter above Its strongly buttressed and much enlarged base, the Tideland 

 Spruce Is occasionally two hundred feet or more tall, with a trunk fifteen or sixteen feet In diameter, 

 and at the extreme northwestern limits of Its range it is sometimes reduced to a low shrub.* The 

 branches of young trees are slender and horizontal, with rigid leading shoots, and are set close together 

 on the stem, forming a rather loose open pyramid ; on older trees the lower branches, which are 

 thickly clothed with pendent slender lateral branchlets frequently two or three feet long, sweep out in 

 lono* graceful curves; the upper branches are short, and, ascending, form an open spire-like head 

 which surmounts a stem often naked for half its length or is frequently covered to the ground with 

 branches which are occasionally thirty or forty feet long on trees which have grown In open situations. 



1 A good idea of the enlarged and buttressed base of a large wrongly called the Doiiglas Fir, is published on page 211 of the 

 trunk of Picea Sitchensis, and of the bark of this species, here fourth volume of Garden and Forest. 



