coNiEEE^. 8ILVA OF NORTH AMERICA. 59 



TSUGA. 



Floweks solitary, naked, monoecious ; the staminate axillary, stamens indefinite, 

 anther-cells 2, transversely dehiscent, surmounted by gland-like tips ; the pistillate ter- 

 minal, ovules 2 under each scale. Fruit a woody strobile maturing in one season ; seeds 

 furnished with resin vesicles. Leaves petiolate, persistent. 



Tsuga, Carri^re, Traite Conif. 1^5 (1855). — Engelmann, Pinus, Endllcher, Gen. 260 (in part) (1836). Melsner, 



Trans. St. Louis Acad. ii. 211 (excl. sect. Peucoides). — Gen. 352 (in part). — Baillon, Hist. FL xii. 44 (in part) 



Bentham & Hooker, Gen. iii. 440. — Eichler, Engler & (1892). 



Prantl. Pflanzenfam. ii. pt. i. 80 (in part). — Masters, Hesperopeuce, Lemmon, Rep. California State Board 

 Jour, Linn. Sac. xxx. 28. Forestry, iii. Ill {Cone-Bearers of California) (1890). 



Abies, A. L. de Jussieu, Gen. 414 (in part) (1789). — Link, Van Tieghem, BulL Soc. Bat France, s^r. 2, xiii. 414. 



Abhand. Akad. BerL 1827, 181 (in part). 



Tall pyramidal trees, with thick deeply furrowed astringent bark, bright cinnamon-red except on the 

 surface, soft pale wood, elongated nodding leading shoots, slender scattered horizontal often pendulous 

 branches with laterals three or four times irregularly pinnately ramified, the ultimate divisions slender, 

 terete, glabrous, or pubescent, the whole forming broad flat gracefully pendent masses of foliage. Buds 

 ovate, acute, minute, covered by closely imbricated dark chestnut-brown lustrous scales, the two outer 

 minute, lateral, opposite, those of the inner ranks scarious, accrescent, early deciduous. Leaves flat or 

 angular, obtuse and often emarginate or acute at the apex, spinulose-denticidate or entire, spirally 

 arranged round the branch, appearing approximately two-ranked by the twisting of their petioles, those 

 on the upper side of the branch then usually much shorter than the others, or in one species not 

 distichous and of nearly equal length, narrowed abruptly into short petioles closely pressed against the 

 stem and articulate on prominent and ultimately ligneous persistent bases, containing a single dorsal 

 resin duct between the midrib and epidermis,^ stomatiferous only on the lower or in one species on 

 both surfaces, persistent, but soon deciduous in drying. Flowers naked, monoecious, solitary, appearing 

 in early spring before the leaves from buds formed the previous summer and covered by numerous 

 chestnut-brown scales, those of the inner ranks chaff-like, persistent, and forming involucres at the 

 base of the flowers. Staminate flowers in the axils of leaves of the previous year near the ends of 

 the branchlets, subglobose, raised on elongated slender drooping stems, composed of numerous spirally 

 arranged short-stalked two-celled subglobose anthers opening transversely, their connectives produced 

 above the cells into short gland-like tips ; pollen-grains discoid or bilobed.^ Pistillate flowers ter- 

 minal, short-stalked, or subsessile, erect, composed of spirally arranged nearly circular scales bear- 

 ing on their inner face near the base two naked collateral inverted ovules, rather shorter than or as 

 long as their membranaceous acute bracts. Fruit an ovate oblong, oval or oblong-cylindrical obtuse 

 pendulous or rarely erect short-stalked or sessile cone maturing in one season, composed of concave 

 loosely imbricated woody obovate-oblong or suborbicular scales, decreasing in size and sterile toward 

 both ends of the cone, thin and entire on the margins, much longer than their minute bracts 

 persistent on the central axis of the cone after the escape of the seeds. Seeds geminate, reversed 

 attached at the base in shallow depressions on the inner base of the scales, ovate-oblong, compressed 



1 In the single species with rounded acute leaves the resin canal between the midrib and the epidermis. (See Van Tieghem BvlL 

 is separated from the midrib by a few cells, while in the flat- Soc. Bot. France^ sdr. 2, xiii. 414.) 

 leaved Tsugas the resin canal occupies nearly the whole space ^ Engelmann, Brewer ^ Watson Bot. Cat. ii. 120. 



