CONIFEE^. 



8ILVA OF NORTH AMERICA. 



63 



TSUGA CANADENSIS 



Hemlock. 



Cones oyate-oblong, pedunculate, their scales orbicular-oblong, nearly as wide as 



long. 



Tsuga Canadensis, Carrl^re, TraitS Conif. 189 (excl. syn. 



Bongard) (1855). — S^n^clauze, Conif. 19. — Engelmann, 

 BoL Gazette, vi. 224. — Regel, Euss. Dendr, ed. 2, pt. i, 

 39, f. 10. — Sargent, Forest Trees iV. Am. 10th Census 

 JJ. S, ix. 206. — Willkomm. Forsf, M. ed. 2, 103.—- 

 Watson & Coulter, Gray's Man. ed. 6, 492. — Mayr, 



JBaumz. ii. 107. — Burgsdorf, Anleit. pt. ii. 139. — Cas- 

 tiglioni, Viag. negli Stati Uniti, ii. 314. 



Piniis- Abies Americana, Marshall, Arhust, Am. 103 

 (1785). 



Pinus Mariana, Gzertner, Fruct. ii. 59, t. 91, f . 1 (not Du 

 Roi) (1791). 

 Wald. Nordam. 195, t. 6, f. — Beissner, Handh. Nadelh. Pinus pendula, Salisbury, Frodr, 399 (not Aiton) (1796). 



Abies Canadensis, Michaux, FL Bor,-Am. ii. 206 (not 

 Miller) (1803).— Poiret, Lamarck Diet. vi. 522. — Des- 

 fontaines, Hist. Arh. ii. 580. — Du Mont de Courset, Bat,- 

 Cult. ed. 2, vi. 474. — Michaux f. Hist. Arh. Am. 1.138, 

 1. 13. — Nouveau Duhamel, v. 293, t. 83, f . 1. — Richard, 

 Comm. Bot. Conif. 11^ t. 17, f. 2. — Link, Handh. ii, 

 479. — Audubon, Birds, t. 197. — Lawson & Son, Agric 

 Man. 378. — Rafinesque, New Fl. i. 39. — Forbes, Pine- 

 turn Wohurn. 129. — Spach, Hist. Vig. xi. 424. — Em- 

 erson, Trees Mass. 77; ed. 2, i. 92, t. — Nuttall, Sylva, 

 iii. 133. — Knight, Syn. Conif. 37. — Lindley & Gordon, 

 J'our. Hort. Soc. Land* v. 209. — Darlington, Fl. Cestr. 

 ed. 3, 291. — Gordon, Pinetum, 14. — Chapman, Fl. 

 434. — Curtis, Eep. Geolog. Surv. N. Car. 1860, iii. 

 27. — Henkel & Hochstetter, Syn. Nadelh. 153 (excl. 

 syn. Abies aromatica). — (Nelson) Senilis, PinacecBy 

 30. — Gray, Man. ed. 5, 471. — Hoopes, Evergreens, 184, 

 f. 23. —K. Koch, Den&r. ii. pt. Ii. 249. -— Nordlinger, 

 Forsthot. 457, fJ — Veitcb, Man. Conif 114, f. 29.-— 



L 



Lauche, Deutsche Dendr. ed. 2, 94. — Schtibeler, Virid. 

 Norveg. i. 429. • 



398, f. 107-109. — Masters, Jour. E. Hort. Soc. xiv. 

 255. — Hansen, Jour. E. Hort. Soc. xiv. 442 (Pinetum, 

 Danicum). — Koehne, Deutsche Dendr. 11, f. 5, B, D-H, 

 M. — Rothrock, Forest Leaves, iv. 169, t. ; Eep. Dept. 

 Agric. Penn. 1895, pt. ii. Div. Forestry, 188, 282, t. 31, 

 38. — Britton & Brown, HI. Fl. i. 56, f. 124. 

 Pinus Canadensis, Linnaeus, Spec. ed. 2, 1421 (excl. syn.) 

 (1763). — Moench, Bdume Weiss. 72. — Wangenheim, 

 Nordam. Holz. 39, t. 15, f. 36.— Schoepf, Mat. Med. 

 Amer. 143. — Ehrhart, Beitr. iii. 23. — Willdenow, Berl. 

 Baumz. 219 ; Spec. iv. pt. i. 505 ; Enum. 989. — Aiton, 

 Hort. Kew. iii. 370. — Borkhausen, Handh, Forsthot. i. 

 382. — Lambert, Pinus, i. 50, t. 32. — Persoon, Syn. ii. 

 579. — Stokes, Bot. Mat. Med. iv. 425. — Bigelow, Fl. 

 Boston. 235. — Pursh, Fl. Am. Sept. ii. 640. — Nuttall, 

 Gen. ii. 223. — Hayne, Dendr. Fl. 176. — Elliott, Sk. ii, 

 639. — Sprengel, Syst. iii. 885. — Brotero, Hist. Nat. 

 Pinheiros, Larices e Ahetos, 32. — Nees von Esenbeck, 

 PL Med. t. 83. — Hooker, Fl. Bor.-Am. ii. 164 (excl. hab. 

 northwest America and var. /3). — Torrey, Fl. N. Y. ii. 

 230. — Antoine, Conif 80, t. 32, f. 3. — Endlicher, Syn. 



■ n 



Conif. 86. — Gihoul, Arh. Ees. 46. — Lawson & Son, Abies pectinata, Poiret, Lamarck Diet. vi. 523 (not Gili- 



List No. 10, Ahietinece, 9. — Dietrich, Syn. v. 392. 

 Courtin, Fam. Conif. 54. — Pavlatore, De Candolle Prodr. 



, bert) (1804). — Brotero, Hist. Nat. Pinheiros, Larices 

 e Ahetos, 36. 



xvl, pt. ii. 428 (excl. syn. Bongard). — W. R. M'Nab, Abies taxifolia, Rafinesque, New Fl. i. 38 (not Poiret) 



ProG. R. Irish Acad. ser. 2, ii. 212, t. 23, f. 3. — Herder, 



(1836). 



Act. Hort. Petrop. xii. 119 (PL Eadd.) (excl. hab. Sitka). Abies taxifolia, var. patula, Rafinesque, New Fl. i. 39 



Abies Americana, Miller, Diet. ed. 8, No. 6 (1768). 



(1836). 



Pinus Abies Canadensis, Muenchhausen, Hausv. v. 223 Picea Canadensis, Link, Linnaea, xv. 524 (1841). 



(1770). 

 Pinus Americana, Du Roi, 055. Bot. 41 (1771) ; Harhk. 



Picea (Tsuga) Canadensis, Bertrand, Ann. Sci. Nat. sdr. 

 5, XX. 89 (1874). 



A tree, usually sixty or seventy and occasionally one hundred feet in height, with a trunk from two 

 to four feet in diameter, gradually and conspicuously tapering toward the apex. During its early years 

 the comparatively long and slender branches, which are horizontal or pendulous below and ascending 

 above, form a broad based rather obtuse pyramid, and continue to clothe the stem to the ground unless 

 they are overshadowed by other trees, which gradually destroy the lowest branches, until the trunk, 

 often naked for two thirds of its length, bears only a small narrow spire-like crown of short ascending 



