CONIFBE^. 



8ILVA OF NORTE AMERICA. 



73 



TSUGA HETEROPHYLLA. 



Hemlock. 



Cones oblong-oval, sessile, their scales longer than broad, often abruptly contracted 



near the middle. 



Tsuga heterophylla. ^ 



Pinus Canadensis, Bongard, Veg. Sitcha, 45 (not Liimseus) 

 (August, 1832) ; Mem. Phys. Math. Nat. pt. ii. Acad, 

 Sci. St. PHershourg, ii. 163 {Veg. Sitcha). — Hooker, FL 



Bor.-Am. ii. 164 (in part) Ledebour, Fl. Boss. iii. QQS 



(excl. syn.). — Herder, Act. Hort. Petrop. xii. 119 {PL 

 Radd.) (in part). 



Abies heterophyUa, Rafinesque, Atlant. Jour. i. 119 

 (Autumn, 1832) ; New Fl. i. 37. — EndHcher, Syn, Conif. 

 124. — Carribre, Traite Conif. 265. 



Abies microphylla, Rafinesque, Atlant. Jour, i, 119 (Au- 

 tumn, 1832) ; New Fl. i. 38. — EndHcher, Syn, Conif, 

 126. — Carribre, Traite Conif. 267. 



Abies Mertensiana, Gordon, Pinetum, 18 (excl. syn. Bon- 

 gard) (not Lindley & Gordon) (1858). — A. Murray, Proc, 

 R. Hort, SoG. iii. 144, f . 8, 10, 12, 14, 16. — Lyall, Jour, 



f. 6, 7, 9, 11, 13, 15 (1863). — Lawson, Pinetum Brit, ii. 

 Ill, t., £. 1-18. — (Nelson) Senilis, Pinaeece, 31. 

 Tsuga Mertensiana, Carrlere, Traite Conif, ed. 2, 250 

 (1867). — Engelmann, Brewer & Watson Bot. Cat. ii. 

 120 ; Bot. Gazette, vi. 224. — Kellogg, Trees of Cali- 

 fornia, 41. — Kegel, Russ. Dendr. ed. 2, pt. i. 39. — Sar- 

 gent, Forest Trees N. Am. 10th Census U, S. ix. 207. 

 .Masters, Gard, Chron. n. ser. xxiii. 179, f. 35; ser. 3, 

 xii. 11, f . 2 ; Jour, R. Mart. Soc. xiv. 255. — Mayr, 

 Wald, Nordam. 338, t. 6, f. — Lemmon, Rep. Califor- 

 nia State Board Forestry, iii. 125, t. 7, 8 {Cone-Bearers 

 of California) ; West-American Cone-Bearers, 53 ; Bull, 

 Sierra Club, ii- 159 {Conifers of the Paciftc Slope). 

 Beissner, Handh, Nadelh. 403, f. 110. — Hansen, Jour. 

 R, Hort, Soc, xiv. 447 {Pinetum Danicum). — Koehne, 

 Deutsche Dendr, 11, £. 5, J. 



Linn. Soc. vii. 133, 143. — Henkel & Hochstetter, Syn. Tsuga Albertiana, S^n^clauze, Conif, 18 (1867). 

 Nadelh. 152. — Cooper, Am. Nat. iii. 412. — Hoopes, Pinus Mertensiana, Parlatore, De Candolle Prodr. xvi. 

 Evergreens, 192. — K. Koch, Dendr, ii. pt. ii. 250. —HaU, 

 Bot. Gazette, ii. 94. — Lauche, Deutsche Dendr. ed. 2, 94. 



Abies Canadensis ? Cooper, Smithsonian Rep. 1858, 262 



pt. ii. 428 (not Bongard) (1868). — W. R. M'Nab, Proc, 

 R. Irish Acad. ser. 2, ii. 211, 212, t. 23, f. 4. — Herder, 

 Act. Hort. Petrop. xii. 119 {PL Radd,), 



(not Miller nor Desfontaines) (1859) ; Pacific R. R. Rep, Pinus Pattoniana, W. R. M'Nab, Proc, R. Irish Acad. 



xii. pt. ii. 69. 

 Abies Bridgesii, Kellogg, Proc. Cal. Acad, ii. 8 (1863). 

 Abies Albertiana, A. Murray, Proc. R. Hort. Soc. iii. 149, 



ser. 2, ii. 211, 212, t. 23, f. 2 (not Parlatore) (1875). 

 Abies Pattonii, W. R. M'Nab, Jour, Linn, Soc, xix. 208 

 (1882). 



A tree, frequently two hundred feet in height, with a tall trunk from six to ten feet in diameter, 

 and short slender usually pendulous branches which form a narrow pyramidal head. The bark on 

 young trunks is thin, dark orange-hrown, and separated by shallow fissures into narrow flat plates which 

 break into delicate scales ; and on fully grown trees it is from an inch to an inch and a half in 

 thickness and deeply divided into broad flat connected ridges covered with closely appressed scales 

 which are brown more or less tinged with cinnamon-red. The branchlets, which are very slender and 

 pale yellow-brown for two or three years, and ultimately become dark reddish brown, with thin scaly 

 bark, are coated, when they first appear, with long pale hairs, and are pubescent or puberulous for 

 five or six years. The winter-buds are ovate, about one sixteenth of an inch in length, and bright 

 chestnut-brown. The leaves are rounded at the apex, entire or minutely spinulose-denticulate above 

 the middle, conspicuously grooved, dark green and very lustrous on the upper surface, marked below 

 with broad white bands of from seven to nine rows of stomata, abruptly contracted at the base into 

 slender petioles, from one quarter to three quarters of an inch long and from one sixteenth to one 

 twelfth of an inch wide. The staminate flowers are yellow, about an eighth of an inch in length and 

 rather shorter than their slender pendulous stipes. The pistillate flowers are purple and puberulous, 

 with broadly ovate bracts which are scarious and nearly entire on the margins and rather longer than 



