CONIFERiE. 



SILVA OF NORTH AMERICA. 



77 



TSUGA MERTENSIANA. 



Mountain Hemlock. Patton Spruce. 



r 



■ J 



J 



Cones oblong, cylindrical, sessile, their scales oblong-oboyate, longer than broad. 

 Leaves bluntly pointed, stomatiferous on both surfaces. 



Tsuga Mertensiana (not Carriere). 



Pinus Mertensiana, Bongard, Fl. Sitcha, 54 (August, 

 1832) ; Mem. Phys. Math. Nat. pt. ii. Acad. Sci. St. 



Petershourg, ii. 163 {FL Sitcha). — Hooker, Fl. Bor.-Am. 

 ii. 164. — Endlicher, Syn. Conif. 111. — Ledebour, Fl. 

 Moss. iii. Q^^. — Dietrich, Syn. v. 394. 

 Abies Mertensiana, Lindley & Gordon, Jour. Hort Soc. 

 Land. v. 211 (1850). — A. Murray, Proc. E. Hort. Soc. 



iii. 145. 



Kegel, Huss. Dendr. ed. 2, pt. i. 40. — Sargent, Forest 

 Trees N. Am. 10th Census U. S. ix. 208. — Mayr, Wald. 

 Nordaifn. 356, t. 6, f. — Beissner, Handh. Nadelh. 407, f. 

 112, 113. — Masters, Jour. M. Hort. Soc. xiv. 255. — Han- 

 sen, Jour. R. Hort. Soc. xiv. 448 {Pinetum Danicum). 

 Koehne, Deutsche Dendr. 11, f . 5, A. — Coville, Contrih. 

 U. S. Nat. Herb. iv. 223 {Bot. Death Valley Exped.). 

 Lemmon, West-American Cone-Bearers, 53 ; Bull. Sierra 

 Club, ii. 160, t. 23 (Conifers of the Pacific Slope) . 



Abies Pattoniana, A. Murray, Eep. Oregon Exped. 1, t. 4, Tsuga Hookeriana, Carriere, Traite Conif. ed. 2, 252 



(1867). — S^n^clauze, Conif. 21. — Hansen, Jour. R. 

 Hort. Soc. XIV. 446 {Pinetum Danicum) . — Lemmon, 

 Erythea, vi. 78. 



Pinus Pattoniana, Parlatore, De Candolle Prodr. xvi. pt. 

 ii. 429 (1868). — W. R. M'Nab, Proc. E. Irish Acad. ser. 

 2, ii. 211, 212, t. 23, f. 2. 



Tsuga RoezUi, Carriere, Eev. Hort. 1870, 217, £. 40. 



Masters, Jour* E. Hort. Soc. xiv. 256. 

 Picea (Tsuga) Hookeriana, Bertrand, Ann. Sci. Nat. s6t. 



5, XX. 89 (1874). 

 Pinus Hookeriana, W. R. M'Nab, Proc, E. Irish Acad. 



ser. 2, ii. 211, 212, t. 23, f. 1 (1875). 

 Hesperopeuce Pattoniana, Lemmon, Eep. California 



r 



State Board Forestry^ iii. 126, t. 12 (Cone-Bearers of 

 California) (1890). 



Tsuga Pattoniana, var. Hookeriana, Lemmon, West- 

 American Cone-Bearers, 64 (1895) ; Bull. Sierra Club, 

 ii. 160 (Conifers of the Pacific Slope). — Gorman, Pitto- 

 nia, iii. 69. 



f . 2 (1853) ; Edinburgh New Phil. Jour. n. ser. i. 291, 

 t. 9, f . 1-7. — Lawson, Pinetum Brit. ii. 157, t. 22, f. 

 Hoopes, Evergreens, 172. — K. Koch, Dendr. ii. pt. ii. 

 253. — Gordon, Pinetum, ed. 2, 30, 421. — HaU, Bot. 

 Gazette, ii. 94. — Veltch, Man. Conif. 116, f . 31, 32. — 

 Lauche, Deutsche Dendr, ed. 2, 96. 



Abies Mertensia, Carriere, Traite Conif. 232 (1855). 



? Picea Californica, Carriere, Traite Conif. 261 (1855). 



Abies Hookeriana, A. Murray, Edinburgh New Phil. 

 Jour. n. ser. i. 289, t. 9, f. 11-17 (1855). — Lawson, Pi- 

 netum Brit. ii. 153, t. 21, 22, f. 1-22. — (Nelson) Senilis, 

 Pinacece, 31. — Veitch, Man. Conif. 115, t. 32. 



Abies Wniianisonii, Newberry, Pacific E. E. Eep. vi. pt. 

 iii. 53, t. 7, f . 19 (1857). — Cooper, Am. Nat. iii. 412. 



Abies Pattonii, Gordon, Pinetum, i. 10 (1858) ; Suppl. 6. — 

 Henkel & Hochstetter, Syn. Nadelh. 151 (excl. syn. Abies 

 trigona) . 



Tsuga Pattoniana, S^n^clauze, Conif. 21 (1867). — Engel- 



' mann. Brewer So Watson Bot. CaL ii. 121 ; Gard. Chron, 



n. ser. xvii. 145. — Kellogg, Trees of California, 37. — 



A tree, usually from seventy to one hundred but occasionally one hundred and fifty feet in 

 height, with a slightly tapering trunk four or five feet in diameter/ or at high elevations nearly 

 stemless, with stout wide-spreading almost prostrate branches. In youth and often on the margins of 

 groves, or in other positions where it can enjoy abundant space for the free development of its lower 

 Umbs, it is clothed for a century or two from top to bottom with gracefuUy pendent slender branches, 

 which are furnished with drooping frond-like lateral branches with erect ultimate branchlets, and form 

 an open pyramid surmounted by the long drooping leading shoots ; or when crowded in the forest 



crown 



The bark of the trunk is from an inch to an inch and a half in thickness and deeply divided into 

 connected rounded ridges broken into thin closely appressed scales, and is dark cinnamon-red with 



1 The largest recorded measurement of this tree is o£ a speci- 

 men growing on the California Sierras near the margin of Lake 

 Hollow, at an elevation of nine thousand two hundred and fifty 



feet, which Muir found to be nineteen feet seven inches in circum- 

 ference at four feet above the ground. (See Muir, The Mountains 



of California, 207.) 



