CONIFEKiE. 



SILVA OF NORTH AMERICA 



93 



PSEUDOTSUGA MAGROOARPA, 



Hemlock. 



Leaves acuminate at the apex, bluish gray. Cones large, their bracts slightly 

 exserted. 



Pseudotsuga macrooarpa, Mayr, Wald. Nordam, 278 Abies macrocarpa, Vasey, Gardener's Monthly, xvili. 21 



(1890). — Lemmon, Rep. California State Board For- 

 estry, iii. 134 {Cone-Bearers of California) ; West-Ameri- 

 can Cone-Bearers, 57; Bull, Sierra Club, ii. 162 {Coni- 

 fers of the Facific Slope). — Sudworth, Bep. U. S. Dept. 



(1876). 



Tsuga macrocarpa, Lemmon, Facific Rural Fress, xvli. 



No. 5, 75 (February 1, 1879). 

 Pseudotsuga Douglasii, var. macrocarpa, Engelmann, 



Agric. 1892, 330. — Merriam, North American Fauna, Brewer & Watson BoU Cal. ii. 120 (1880). — Sargent, 



No. 7, 340 {Death Valley Exped. ii.). — Covllle, Contrih. 

 U. S. Nat. Herb. iv. 223 {Bot Death Valley Exped.). 

 Sargent, Garden and Forest, x. 24, f. 5. 

 Abies Douglasii, var. macrocarpa, Torrey, Ives' Rep. 

 pt. iv. 28 (1861), 



Forest Trees N. Am. 10th Census U. S. ix. 210. 

 Beissner, Handb. Nadelh. 411, — Koelme, Deutsche 

 Bendr. 13. 



A tree, usually from forty to fifty and rarely eighty feet m height, with a trunk three or four feet 

 in diameter, which is generally naked at the base for about one quarter of its length, but sometimes is 

 clothed to the ground with branches. These are remarkably remote, elongated and pendulous below, 

 with short stout pendent or often erect lateral branchlets, and, short and ascending above, forming an 

 open broad-based symmetrical pyramidal head. The bark is from three to six inches in thickness, 

 dark reddish brown, and deeply divided into great broad rounded ridges which are covered with thick 

 closely appressed scales. The winter-buds are ovate, acute, usually not more than an eighth of an inch 

 in length, often nearly as broad as they are long, with dark chestnut-brown lustrous scales which 

 are thin and scarious on the margins. The branchlets are slender, dark reddish brown during their . 

 first season, and covered with short scanty pubescence, which mostly disappears during their second 

 year, when they are dark or light orange-brown and begin to grow lighter colored, becoming pale 

 grayish brown at the end of four or five years. The leaves are acute or acuminate, terminating in 

 slender rigid callous tips, apparently two-ranked by the conspicuous twisting at their base, incurved 

 above the middle, from three quarters of an inch to an inch and one quarter in length, about one 

 sixteenth of an inch wide, and dark bluish gray. The pistillate flowers are from three quarters of an 

 inch to an inch in length, with pale yellow anthers, and are inclosed for half their length in the 

 conspicuous involucres of the lustrous bud-scales. The staminate flowers are about an inch long and 

 half an inch thick, with pale green bracts tinged with red. The cones, which are produced often in 

 great numbers on the upper branches and occasionally also on those down to the middle of the tree, are 

 short-stalked and from four to six and a half inches in length and about two inches in thickness; 

 their scales, which near the middle of the cone are from an inch and a half to two inches across are 

 stijff, thick, concave, rather broader than they are long, rounded above, abruptly wedge-shaped at the 

 base, puberulous and striate on the outer surface, and frequently nearly as long as their bracts, which 

 are comparatively short and narrow, with broad midribs produced into short flattened flexible tips • 

 opening and loosing their seeds early in the autumn, the cones mostly remain on the branches for 

 at least a year longer. The seeds are full and rounded on both sides, rugose, dark chestnut-brown or 

 nearly black and lustrous above, pale reddish brown below, with a thick hard brittle outer coat from 

 which the thin membranaceous nearly white lining is easily separable ; they are half an inch long and 

 three eighths of an inch wide, with wings which are broadest near the middle, about half an inch long. 



