102 



8ILVA OF NORTH AMERICA. 



CONIFERiE. 



Fir-tree of the coast of Manchuria appearing to be identical with 



it. This is the 



AUes Sibirica, var, nephrolepiSf Trautvetter, Maximowicz Mem. 

 Sav. jStr, Acad. Sci. St. Petershourg, ix. 260 (Prim. Fl. Amur.) 



(1859). 



Abies nephrolepis^ Maximowicz, Bull. Acad. Sci. St. Petersbourg^ 



X. 486 (MeL Biol. ¥i. 21) (1866). ~ Beissner, Handb. Nadelh, 



457. 



Abies Veitclii was sent from Japan in 1876 by Mr. Thomas 

 Hogg to the Parsons Nurseries at Flushing, New York, and for 

 many years was cultivated in the United States under the unpub- 

 lished name of Abies Japonica (Garden and Forest, vi. 525). In 

 our gardens it is a handsome hardy fast-growing tree, distinguished 

 from Abies homolepis, to which it bears a superficial resemblance, 

 by its shorter and more crowded leaves, its slenderer branchlets 

 clothed with soft fine pubescence, and its smaller cones. 



23 Abies homolepis, Siebold & Zuccarini, Fl. Jap. ii. 17, t. 108 

 (1842). — Carri^re, Traite Conif. 215. — Miquei, Ann. Mus. Bot. 

 Lugd. Bat. iii. 166 (Prol. Fl. Jap.), — Bertrand, Ann. Sci. Nat. 

 s^r. 5, XX. 95. — Masters, Gard. Chron. n. ser. xii. 823, f. 136 ; Jour, 

 Linn. Soc. xviii. 518 (Conifers of Japan). — M.3i.jVj Monog. Abiet. 

 Jap. 35, t. 2, f. 3. 



Pinus homolepiSf Antoine, Conif. 78, t. 31, f. 1 (1840-47). — 

 Endlicher, Syn. Conif. 101. 



Picea firma, var. A, A. Murray, Proc. R. Hort. Soc. ii. 409 

 (1862). 



Abies frma, A. Murray, Pines and Firs of Japan, 53 (in part) 

 (not Siebold & Zuccarini) (1863). 



Abies brachyphylla, Maximowicz, I. c, 488 (1866) (J. c. 23). — 



Franchet & Savatier, Enum. PI. Jap.i.4Sl. — Masters, Gard. 



Chron. n. ser. xii. 556, f. 91, 92; Jour. Linn. Soc. xviii. 515, f. 14, 



15 (Conifers of Japan). — Veitch, Man. Conif. 88. — Hooker f. 

 Bot. Mag. cxvi. t. 7114. 



Pinus brachyphylla, Parlatore, De Candolle Prodr. xvi. pt. ii. 

 424 (1868). 



Pinus Tschonoshiana, Parlatore, I. c. 431 (1868). 



Picea brachyphylla^ Gordon, Pinetum, ed. 2, 201 (1875). 



Pinus Harryana, W. E,. M'Nab, Proc. R. Irish Acad. ser. 2, ii. 

 689, t. 47, f. 16 (1877), 



Abies homolepis is the common Fir-tree of the Nikko and other 

 mountain ranges of central Japan, on which, at elevations of be- 

 tween four thousand and five thousand feet above the sea, it is 

 scattered either singly or in small groves through the Oak and 

 Birch forests that extend up to the great Hemlock belt which 

 clothes the upper slopes of these mountains. It is a tree rarely 

 more than eighty or ninety feet in height, with a massive trunk 

 covered with pale bark, long distichously spreading leaves dark 

 green on the upper surface and silvery white on the lower, and 

 cylindrical purple cones usually about four inches in length. From 

 other Japanese Fir-trees it may be distinguished in old age by the 

 broad round-topped head formed by the upper branches, which 

 grow more strongly near the top of the tree than those below 

 them. The wood is occasionally used in the construction of huts 

 in alpine villages. 



Abies homolepiSf which has been an inhabitant of the gardens of 

 Europe and of the eastern United States for thirty years, grows 

 vigorously in cultivation, and is very hardy in eastern Massachu- 

 setts, where it has already produced its cones, and in its young 

 state is one of the handsomest and most satisfactory of the exotic 

 conifers, although on the oldest plants the middle branches have 

 already overgrown and overshadowed those below them. 

 2* Inst. 585, t. 353, 354. 



