CONIFEK^. 



SILVA OF NORTH AMERICA. 



107 



ABIES BALSAMEA. 



Balsam Fir. Balm of Gilead Fir 



Bracts of the cone-scales oblong, emarginate and short-pointed at the wide serrulate 

 apex, shorter or slightly longer than their scales. Leaves dark green and lustrous 

 above, pale below, obtusely short-pointed and occasionally emarginate, and on fertile 

 branches acute or acuminate. 



Abies balsamea, Miller, Diet, ed. 8, No. 3 (1768). 

 Lamarck Diet. vi. 521. — 



— Poiret, 

 Desfontalnes, Hist, Arh. ii. 



579. — Du Mont de Coarset, Bot. Cult. ed. 2, vi. 474. 

 Noitveau Duhamel, v. 295, t. 83, f. 2. — Link, Handh. 

 ii. 479 ; Linncea, xv. 530. — Richard, CoTnin. Bot. Conif. 

 74, t. 16. — Ledebour, Fl. Alt. iv. 202. — Lindley, Penny 

 Cycl. i. 30. — Lawson & Son, Agric. Man. 373. — Forbes, 

 Finetum Wohurn. 109, t. 37. — Spach, Hist. Veg. xi. 

 421. — Lindley & Gordon, Jour. Hort. Soc. Lond. v. 

 210. — Carribre, Traite Conif. 217. — Darlington, Fl 

 Cestr* ed. 3, 291. — Henkel & Hochstetter, Syn. Nadelk, 

 176. — Sen^clauze, Conif. 6. — Hoopes, Fvergreens, 



i. 380. — Lambert, Pinus, i. 48, t. 31. — Persoon, Syn. 

 ii. 579. — Pursh, Fl. Am. Sept. ii. 639. — Nuttall, Gen, 

 ii. 223. — Hayne, Dendr. Fl. 176. — Richardson, Frank- 

 lin Jour. Appx. No. 7, 752. — Sprengel, Syst. iii. 884. 

 Brotero, Hist. Nat. Pinheiros, Larices e Ahetos, 31. 



r 



Lawson & Son, List No. 10, Abietinece, 11. — Torrey, Fl. 

 m T. ii. 229. — Hooker, Fl. Bor.-Am. ii. 163. — Bigelow, 

 Fl. Boston, ed. 3, 385. — Antoine, Conif. 66j t. 26, f . 3. 

 Endlicher, Syn. Conif. 103. — Gihoul, A^'b. Res. 45, 

 Dietrich, Syn. v. 394. — Parlatore, De Candolle Prodr* 

 xvi. pt. ii. 423. — W. R. M*Nab, Proc. B. Irish Acad. 

 ser. 2, ii. 684, t. 47, f. 11. 



r 



197. — Regel, Euss. Dendr, pt. i. 20. — Bertraud, Bull, Pinus Abies balsamea, Muenchhausen, Hausv. v. 222 



Soc. Bot. France, xviii. 379 ; Ann. Sci. Nat. s6v. 5, xx. 



(1770). —Marshall, Arhust. Am. 102. 



95. — K. Koch, Dendr. ii. pt. ii. 214. — NGrdlinger, Pinus taxifolia, Salisbury, Prodr, 399 (1796). 



Forstbot. 456. — Engelmann, Trans. St. Louis Acad. iii. Abies balsamifera, Michaux, Fl. Bor.-Am. ii. 207 (in part) 



597. — Veitch, Man. Conif 88. — Lauche, Deutsche 

 Dendr. ed. 2, 84. — Sargent, Forest Trees N. Am. IQth 

 Census U. S. ix. 210. — Schiibeler, Virid. Norveg. i. 

 428. — Willkomm, Forst. Fl. ed. 2, 111. — Watson & 



(1803). — Michaux f . Hist. Arb. Am. \. 145, t. 14 (in 

 part) . — Rafinesque, New Fl. i. 39. 

 Pinus balsamea, var. longifolia, Lawson & Son, List No, 

 10, Abietinece, 11 (1836). 



Coulter, Gray's Man. ed. 6, 492. — Mayr, Wald. Nordam. Picea balsamea, Loudon, Arb. Brit. iv. 2339, f. 2240, 



220, f. 6. — Beissner, Handb. Nadelh. 464. — Masters, 

 Jour. B. Hort. Soc. xiv. 189 ; Gard. Chron. ser. 3, xvii. 

 422, f. 57, 58. — Hansen, Jbwn B. Hort. Soc. xiv. 458 Picea balsamea, var. longifolia, Loudon, Arb. Brit. iv. 



2241 (1838). — Knight, Syn. Conif. 39. — Gordon, Piwe- 

 tum, 143. — (Nelson) Senilis, Pinacece, 37. 



2339 (1838). 

 Picea balsamifera, Emerson, Trees Mass, 85 (1846) ; ed. 



2, i. 101. 

 Ohs. Bot. 40 ; Harhk. Baumz. ii. 103. — Moench, Baume Picea Fraseri, Emerson, Trees Mass. 88 (not Loudon) 



(Pinetum DanicuTn). — Koehne, Deutsche Dendr. 18. 

 Britton & Brown, III. FL i. 57, f. 126. 

 Pinus balsamea, Linnaeus, ^^^ec. 1002 (1753). — Du Roi, 



Weiss. 71 ; Meth. 364. — Evelyn, Silva, ed. Hunter, i. 



(1846) ; ed. 2, i. 104. 



279. — Wangenheim, Beschreib. Nordam. Holz. 37 ; Abies Fraseri, Gray, Man, 441 (in part) (not Poiret) 



Nordam. Holz. 40. — Burgsdorf , Anleit. pt. ii. 167. 



(1848). 



Wmdenow, Berl. Baumz. 218 ; Spec. iv. pt. i. 504 ; Enum. Abies Americana, Provancher, Fl, Canadienne, ii. 556 

 989. — Aiton, Hort. Kew. iii. 370. — Castiglioni, Viag. (excl. syri. Abies Fraseri) (not MiHer nor Du Mont de 



Aiton, HoH. Kew. iii. 370. — Castiglioni, Viag. 

 negli Statt Uniti, ii. 314. — Borkhausen, Handb. Forstbot. 



Courset) (1862) 



A tree, fifty or sixty feet in height, with a trunk usually from twelve to eighteen inches in 

 diameter, but occasionally eighty feet tall, with a trunk thirty inches in diameter. During its first 

 twenty years the branches, which at this period are elongated, horizontal, and very slender, are disposed 

 in regular remote whorls of four or usually of five, the whole forming a handsome symmetrical open 

 broad-based pyramid. Later the lower branches die when the tree is crowded in the forest, or, with 

 sufficient space for their growth, become somewhat pendulous, while those toward the top of the tree, 

 Txrl.;^!. :^ ^^A ^«.^ ^^^ oT.^7.4: ^mw/lpd- and ascendinef-. form a regular sharp-pointed slim spire-like head. 



