\ 



CONIFEE^. 



SILVA OF NORTH AMERICA. 



117 



ABIES GRANDIS: 



White Fir. 



» ■ ■ 



Bracts of the cone-scales short-oblong, obcordate, laciniate and short-pointed at 

 the apex, much shorter than their scales. Leaves dark green and very lustrous above, 

 silvery white below, conspicuously emarginate, or on fertile branches sometimes bluntly 

 pointed. 



Abies grandis, Lindley, Penny CycL i. 30 (1833). 

 Forbes, Pinetum Woburn. 123, t. 43. — Spach, Hist 

 Veg, xi. 422. — Nuttall, Sylva, iii. 134. — Lindley & Gor- 

 don, Jour, Hort Soc. Lond, v. 210. — Carri^re, TraiU 

 Conif, 220. —- Cooper, Pacific E. E. Eep. xii. pt. ii. 

 25, 69. — Lyall, Jour, Linn, Soc, vii. 143. — Henkel & 

 Hochstetter, Syn, JSFadelh, 160, — (Nelson) Senilis, 

 Pinacece, 38. — S^n^clauze, Conif, 9. — Hoopes, JEver- 

 greens, 211. — Engelmann, Trans, St, Louis Acad. iii. 



trich, Syn, v. 394. — Courtin, Fam, Conif, 57. — Parla- 

 tore, Be Candolle Prodr, xvi. pt. ii. 427 (excl. syn.). 

 W. R. M'Nab, Proc, E, Irish Acad. ser. 2, ii. 678, t. 46, 

 f . 4, 4 a. — Beissner, Handb, Nadelh, 476, f. 132. — Han- 

 sen, Jour, E, Hort. Soc, xiv. 467 {Pinetum Danicum), 

 Koehne, Deutsche Dendr, 16. 

 ? Abies aromatica, Rafinesque, Atlant, Jour. 119 (Autumn, 



1832) ; New Fl. i. 38. ~ Endlicher, Syn, Conif, 125. 

 Carri^re, Traite Conif. 266. 



598 (excl. var. densiflora) ; Gard, Chron, n. ser. xii. 684 ; Picea grandis, Loudon, Arh, Brit, iv. 2341, f. 2245, 2246 



XIV. 720, f. 138 ; Brewer & Watson Bot, Cal. ii. 118. 

 Masters, Gard. Chron. n. ser. xv. 179, f . 33-36, xvii. 400 ; 

 xxiv. 563, f. 128-131 ; Jour, Linn. Soc, xxii. 174, t. 3, f. 

 4, 5 ; Jour, E, Hort, Soc, xiv. 192. — Veitch, Man, Conif. 

 97, f. 23, 24. — Kellogg, Forest Trees of California, 



(in part) (1838). — Knight, Syn, Conif 39. — Gordon, 

 Pinetum, 155 ; Suppl. 52 (excl. syn. Picea Parsonsii). 

 Newberry, Pacific E. E, Eep, vi. pt. iii. 46, 90 (in part), 

 f. 16, t. 6. — A. Murray, Gard, Chron, n. ser. iv. 135, f. 

 28, 194, f . 40, 42. 



28. — Lauche, Deutsche Dendr, ed. 2, 83. — Sargent, Abies amabilis, A. Murray, Proc, E. Hort, Soc, iii. 310, f. 



Forest Trees N, Am, IQth Census TJ. S. ix. 212. — Mayr, 



3-9 ; 321, f . 40 (not Forbes) (1863) ; Gartenflora, xiii. 118. 



Wald, Nordam. 334. — Lemmon, Eep, California State Abies Gordoniana, Carrifere, Traite Conif, ed. 2, 298 

 Board Forestry, iii. 146 (Cone-Bearers of California); (excl. syn. Abies Parsonsii) (1867). — Sdu^clauze, Conif 



9. — Bertrand, ^mZ^. Soc, Bot. France, xviii. 379; Ann. 



West-American Cone-Bearers, 63 ; Bull, Sierra Club, ii. 

 164 (Conifers of the Pacific Slope), 

 Pinus grandis, Hooker, Fl, Bor.-Am. ii. 163 (not D. Don) 



Antoine, Conif 63, t. 25, f. 1. — Hooker & 



Endlicber, Syn, Conif, 



-Die- 



(1839). 



Arnott, Bot, Voy. Beechey, 394, 



105. — Lawson & Son, List No, 10, Abietinece, 12. 



Sci. Nat. sir. 5, xx. 95. 



Abies grandis, a Oregona, Beissner, Handb, Conif. 71 



(1887). 

 Abies concolor, Leiberg, Contrib. U. S, Nat. Herb, v. 48 



(not Lindley & Gordon) (1897). 



4 



A tree, in the neighborhood of the coast from two hundred and fifty to three hundred feet in 

 height, with a slightly tapering trunk often four feet in diameter, and spreading somewhat pendulous 

 branches which sweep out in long graceful curves, and on the mountains of the interior rarely more than 

 one hundred feet tall, with a trunk usually about two feet thick, or frequently smaller and much stunted. 

 The bark of the trunk, which on young trees is smooth, thin, and pale, and is marked with conspicuous 

 resin blisters, becomes sometimes two inches in thickness at the base of old trees, on which it is dull 

 gray-brown or reddish brown, and divided by shallow fissures into low flat ridges, broken into oblong 

 plates and roughened by thick closely appressed scales. The winter-buds are globose, very resinous, 

 from an eighth to a quarter of an inch thick, and covered by thin pale reddish brown scales, those of the 

 inner ranks being united into cup-like covers deciduous in one piece from the branchlets. These are 

 comparatively slender, puberulous during their first year, pale yellow-green when they first appear, and, 

 becoming light reddish brown or orange-brown in their second season, gradually grow darker. The 

 leaves are thin and flexible, deeply grooved and very dark green and lustrous on the upper surface and 

 silvery white on the lower surface, with two broad bands each of from seven to ten rows of stomata, and 



