CONIFERiE. 



SILVA OF NORTH AMERICA 



121 



ABIES CONCOLOR. 



White Fir. 



Bracts of the cone-scales oblong, emarginate or nearly truncate at the broad 

 denticulate short-pointed apex. Leaves pale blue or glaucous, stomatiferous on the 

 upper surface, rounded, acute, or acuminate at the apex, on fertile branches often 

 falcate, and thickened and keeled above. 



Abies concolor, Lindley & Gordon, Jour, Sort. Boc, Lond, 

 V. 210 (1850), — Engelmann, Trans. St. Louis Acad. 

 iii. 600 ; Rothrock Wheeler^ s Rep. vi. 255 ; Gard, Chron. 

 n. ser. xii. 684, f. 114, 115 ; Brewer & Watson Bot. Cat. ii, 

 118. — Masters, Gard. Chron. n. ser. xlii. 648, f . 109, 110, 

 XV. 660, f. 119 ; ser. 3, viii. 748, f. 147-151 ; Jour, Linn. 

 Soc. xxil. 177, f. 8-11 ; Jour. E. Hort. Soc. xiv. 191. 

 Veitch, Man, Conif, 93. — Kellogg, Forest Trees of Cali- 

 fornia, 31. — Sargent, Forest Trees N, Am. 10th Census 



Abies Lowiana, A. Murray, Proc. R. Hort. Soc. iii. 317, 

 f. 21-24 (1863) ; Gartenflora, xiii. 118. — Lemmon, Rep. 

 California State Board Forestry, iii. 148, t. 15, 16 {Cone- 

 Bearers of California) ; Bull. Sierra Club, ii. 164 {Coni- 

 fers of the FacifiG Slope). — Masters, Jour. R. Eort. Soc. 

 xiv. 192. 



Abies grandis, Carrifere, Traite Conif ed. 2, 296 (not Lind- 

 ley) (1867). — Bertrand, Bull. Soc. Bot. France, xviii. 

 378 ; Ann. Sci. Nat. s^r. 6, xx. 94 (excl. syn.). 



U. S. ix. 212 ; Gard. Chron. n. ser. xxv. 20. — Coulter, Pinus concolor, Parlatore, Be Candolle Frodr. xvi. pt. ii. 



426 (1868). — W. R. M'Nab, Froc. R. Irish Acad. ser. 2, 

 ii. 681, t. 46, f. 6. 



Merriam, North American Fauna, No. 7, 340 {Death Picea Lowii, Fowler, Gard. Chron. 1872, 394. 



Valley Exped. ii.). — Hansen, Jour. R. Hort. Soc. xiv. 465 Abies grandis, var. concolor, A. Murray, Gard. Chron. n. 



{Finetum Danicum). — Koehne, Deutsche Dendr. 16. — ser. iii. 105 (1875). 



Coville, Contrih. U. S. Nat. Herb. iv. 224 {Bot. Death VaU Picea concolor, var. violacea, A. Murray, Gard. Chron. 



Man. Rocky Mt. Bot. 430. — Mayr, Wald. Nordam. 

 334. — Beissner, Handb. Nadelh. 470, f. 129, 130. 



ley Exped.). — Lemmon, West-American Cone-Bearers, 



n. ser. iii. 464, f. 94, 95 (1875). 



64 ; Bull. Sierra Club, ii. 167 {Conifers of the Faciftc Pinus Lowiana, W. R. M'Nab, Froc. R. Irish Acad, ser. 2, 



Slope) . 

 Abies balsamea, J. M. Bigelow, Pacific R. R. Rep. iv. 



pt. V. 18 (in part) (not Miller) (1856). — Torrey, Pacific 



R. R. Rep. iv. pt. v. 141 (in part). 

 Picea grandis, Newberry, Pacific R. R. Rep. vi. pt. iii. 46, 



90 (in part) (not Loudon) (1857). 



Picea concolor, Gordon, Finetum, 155 (1858). ~ 



Gard. Chron. n. ser. iii. 563. — A. Murray, Gard. Chron. 

 n. ser. iv. 135, f. 261 ; 194, f. 38, 41. 



Picea Lowiana, Gordon, Finetum, Suppl. 53 (1862), 



Syme, 



ii. 680, t. 46, f. 5 (1877). 

 Abies lasiocarpa. Masters, Gard. Chron. n. ser. xiii. 8, f. 



1 (not Nuttall nor A. Murray) (1880). 

 Abies grandis, var. Lowiana, Masters, Jour. Linn. Soc. 



xxii. 175, f. 6, 7 (1887). 

 Abies concolor, var. lasiocarpa, Beissner, Handb. Conif, 



71 (not Abies lasiocarpa, Nutt.) (1887) ; Handb. Nadelh. 



473. 

 Abies concolor, var. Lowiana, Lemmon, West-American 



Cone-Bearers, 64 (1895). 



A tree, on the Sierra Nevada of California from two hundred to two hundred and fifty feet in 

 height, with a trunk often six feet in diameter, but in the interior of the continent rarely more than 

 one hundred and twenty-five feet tall, with a trunk which seldom exceeds three feet in diameter. On 

 young trees, which are very symmetrical, the bark of the tapering stem is thin, smooth, and pale gray- 

 brown, and the comparatively short stout branches, disposed in regular remote whorls, stand out 

 horizontally, and, furnished with long lateral branchlets which point forward, form great flat-topped 

 frond-like masses of foliage ; on large trees, which are occasionally three hundred years old, the bark 

 of the trunk becomes five or six inches thick near the ground, and is deeply divided into broad rounded 

 ridges broken on the surface into irregularly shaped plate-like scales which below are dull reddish 

 brown in color and above are ashy gray, the inner bark being dull orange-color, and the tall massive 

 stems, often naked for one hundred feet, are surmounted by narrow spire-like crowns of short branches 



+ 



spreading near the very top of the tree and pendulous below. The winter^buds are nearly globose. 



