CONIFERS. 



SILVA OF NORTH AMERICA. 



137 



ABIES MAGNIFICA. 



Red Fir. 



Bracts of the cone-scales oblong-spatulate, acute, short-pointed, shorter than 

 their scales. Leaves blue-green and often glaucous, tetragonal, bluntly pointed on 

 sterile and acute, crowded and incurved on fertile branches. 



Abies magnifioa, A. Murray, Proc. B,. Hort. Soc. iii. 318, 



— Henkel & 



f. 25-33 (1863); Gartenflora, xiii. 119. 

 Hochstetter. Syn. Nadelh. 419. 

 ii. 213. - 



No. 7, 340 {Death Valley Exped. ii.). — Coville, Contrib. 

 U. S, Nat. Herb, iv. 224 {Bot Death Valley Exped.). 

 K. Koch, Dendr. ii. pt. Picea magnifica, Gordon, Finetum^ ed. 2, 219 (1867). 



Engelraann, Trans. St. Louis Acad. iii. 601 ; 



A. Murray, Gard. Chron. n. ser. iii. 105, 752, f. 156. 



Gard. Chron. n. ser. xii. 885, f . 116 ; Brewer & Watson Pinus amabilis, Parlatore, De Candolle Prodr. xvi. pt. ii. 



Bot. Cal. ii. 119 ; Bot. Gazette, vii. 4. — Veitch, Man. 



426 (in part) (not Antoine) (1868). — W. R. M'Nab, Proc. 

 R. Irish Acad. ser. 2, ii. t. 46, f . 3-3 a. 



Conif, 99. — Sargent, Forest Trees N. Am. IWi Census 



JJ. S. ix. 214 ; Gard. Chron. n. ser. xxv. 20. — Masters, Abies amabilis, Vasey, Hep. Dept. Agric. TJ. S. 1875, 34 



Gard. Chron. n. ser, xxiv. 652, f. 148; Jour. B. Hort. (Cat. Forest Trees U. S.) (not Forbes) (1876). 



Soc. xiv. 193. — Syme, Gard. Chron. n. ser. xxv. 395. 

 Mayr, Wald. Nordatn. 351. — Lemmon, Rep. California 



Pinus magnifica, W. R. M'Nab, Proe. B. Irish Acad. ser. 

 2, ii. 700, t. 49, f. 30, 30 a (1877). 



State Board Forestry, iii. 142, t. 13 (Cone-Bearers of Abies nobilis, Engelraann, Gard. Chron. n. ser. xii. 684 



California) ; West-American Cone-Bearers, 61 ; Bull. 

 Sierra Club, ii. 165 (Conifers of the Pacific Slope). — 

 Beissner, Handb. Nadelh. 482, f . 135. — Hansen, Jour, 

 B. Hort. Soc, xiv. 469 (Pineturti Danicum). — Koehne, 

 Deutsche Dendr. 17. — Merriam, North American Fauna, 



(in part) (not Lindley) (1879) ; Brewer & Watson Bot. 

 Cal. ii. 119 (in part). — Kellogg, Trees of California, 33 



(in part). 



Abies nobilis, var. magnifica, Kellogg, Trees of Califor- 

 nia, 35 (1882). — Masters, Jour. Linn. Soc. xxii, 189, t. 

 5, f. 19-21. 



A tree, in old age * occasionally somewhat round-topped and often two hundred and fifty feet in 

 height, with a trunk eight or ten feet in diameter and often naked for half the height of the tree, and 

 comparatively small and short branches arranged in regular remote whorls, the upper slightly ascending 

 and the lower somewhat pendulous and furnished with rigid remote lateral branches, the ultimate 

 divisions pointing forward and the whole forming great broad stifE flat-topped frond-like masses of 

 foliage. Until it is about one hundred feet high the tapering trunk of Ahies magnificay like its 

 branches, is covered with thin smooth silvery white bark which, as the tree grows older, begins to darken 



r 



near the ground ; and, when fully grown, the bark of the trunk is from four to six inches thick and is 

 deeply divided into broad rounded ridges broken by cross fissures and covered by dark red-brown scales 

 which in falling disclose the bright cinnamon-red inner bark. The winter branch-buds are ovate, acute, 

 and from one quarter to one third of an inch long and are covered with bright chestnut-brown scales, 

 those of the outer ranks being denticulate on the margins, with prominent midribs produced into short 

 tips. The branchlets are stout, light yellow-green and slightly puberulous during their first season, and 

 then light red-brown and lustrous for seven or eight years, finally becoming gray or silvery white. The 

 leaves, which are persistent usually for about ten years and are pale and very glaucous during their first 

 season, and later become blue-green, are almost equally four-sided, ribbed above and below, with from 

 six to eight rows of stomata on each of the four sides, generally two fibro-vascular bundles, resin ducts 

 close to the epidermis and midway between the sides and the midrib of the lower surface, and hypoderm 



^ The log specimen in the Jesup Collection of North American hundred and sixty-one years old, with sapwood three eighths of an 

 Woods in the American Museum of Natural History, New York, inch thick and ninety-seven years old. 

 which is only twenty-five inches in diameter inside the bark, is two 



