129 



shore and beyond which extends the unduhiting iiphmd, forming the 

 characteristic topography of the region in general. In only three rather 

 narrow points does the terrace approach very near to the water's edge. 

 These places are (1) along the northei-n part of the lake, near the northern 

 end of the Assembly groimds, (2) at the place known locally as Yarnelle's 

 lauding, or Yarnell(>'s ]ioint, and (3) near the oiitlet. At all other places 

 it recedes from the lake, leaving a large, level, lake plain. The rampart 

 of hills, or terrace, is cnt through in three places: (li Cherry Creek valley. 

 (21 the valley of Clear Creek, and (3) at the outlet. In the direction of 

 Warsaw there is a long stretch of low ground, the exact natural limits 

 of which it is impossible to defini' on account of many artificial chaug-es, 

 but which contains ^larket-street pond, an interesting body of water, and 

 extends fartlier on toward the lakes on the other side of Warsaw, such as 

 Pike Lake, Center Lake and others. 



Along the southeast and south shore is a high, narrow ice ridge be- 

 tAveen the lake and the lake ]>lain. 'I'lie ice ridge is present elsewhere 

 also, but is nowhere else so plainly marked. Fig. 1 shows a bit of old 

 tolerably well marked ice ridge in this region. 



In the discussion the regions about and including the hike will be noted 

 in the following order: di 'I'ho tei-race and upland, along wath the gullies 

 through them. (2) The lowland lietwcen the terrace and the lake, con- 

 sisting of lalvc plain and lowland forest. (3) The lake shore aud belt of 

 shore plants. (4i The ponds and liayous belonging to the lake plain. (5) 

 The belt of marsh plants (plants with emersed leaves), and of short- 

 stemmed aquatics. (G) The belt of long-stemmed aquatics. In the general 

 discussion, simply typical species will lie nuMitioned. The lake plants 

 proper Avill be discussed more thoroughly later. 



The terrace is compose<l of a yellow sand witli an admixture of some 

 clay. The slope from the lake plain is occasionally gradual; always, how- 

 ever, there is finally a rather steep and bluffy ascent. At Yarnelle's point 

 there is no gradual slope at all, but the bank rises sheer from the water's 

 edge. 



THE UPLAND.— In the state of nature the upland is covered with a 

 forest of such trees as the various oaks and hickories, some walnuts, a 

 ft'w tulip trees, wild cheny. ash and elm. In some cases there is no under- 

 growth of slu-ubs, and very little grass or herbs, as the forest floor is 

 covered Avith a thick carpet of dried leaA'es, At other places, especially 

 near the sides of gullies, there is au undergrowth of such shrubs as piickly 



