228 Proceedings of the OJiio State Academy of Science 



The same volume which contains Gilbert's map on the 

 beaches of the Maumee lobe, also contains J. S. Newberry's arti- 

 cle on the Geology of Cuyahoga County; in this, Newberry 

 devotes about four pages to the lake ridges. 



In the succeeding volume of the Ohio Survey, A. A. Wright 

 and J. S. Newberry published a more detailed description of 

 these ridges between Elyria and Cleveland. Each ridge was 

 traced for several miles at intervals ; no attempt was made to 

 give a detailed description of any particular beach. 



From about 1890, the shore-phenomena of ice- front lakes 

 has been given special attention by many trained geologists, 

 either independent workers, State Survey men, or employees of 

 the Canadian and United States Geological Surveys. The de- 

 scriptions of, and references to, the beaches in the vicinity of 

 Cleveland are numerous and have involved much labor in their 

 correlation. The actuating purpose of each of these workers 

 was the bearing that the ridges of a particular locality have on 

 broader questions of the greater lakes' history ; for this reason, 

 we find very few close studies of any of the beaches. 



The present investigation concerns the lake ridges of a 

 narrow area ; it attempts no contribution whatever to the larger 

 problem of successive ice-front lakes. One of my purposes is 

 the interpretation of the activities along present water-bodies 

 from the standpoint of work done by water-bodies of the past. 

 The activities of wave and shore currents of the present Lake 

 Erie may be intelligently studied in the light of what these same 

 agencies were doing when the lake was one hundred to two hun- 

 dred feet deeper. At no place in the State can one find in such 

 horizontal nearness, in more complete development, and in bet- 

 ter preservation, the shore lines of former water-bodies. 



GENERAL CONSIDERATION OF ICE-FRONT LAKES. 



When the gre^' ice-sheet attained its maximum develop- 

 ment in North America, east of the Mississippi it extended be- 

 yond the divide of the present St. Lawrence drainage basiil 

 This position was not reached by an uninterrupted progress. 



