An Ecological Study of Buckeye Lake. 89 



vulpinoidea and sparganoides associated with Impatiens bitlora, 

 Geum canadense, X'iola sp. 



The lowest portion of the depression between the island and 

 the canal bears a Typha latifolia society. The land surface is a 

 few inches under water. Surrounding this are the following 

 zones in the order given : 



1. Polygonum emersum, ground still under water. 



2. Eleocharis obtusa, Polygonum emersum and Hibiscus 

 moscheutos zone. 



3. Hibiscus moscheutos 



4. Shrubs. 



5. Trees. 



On the west side of this low area, that is, on the side toward 

 the field, the tree belt is thin and chiefly of Ulmus americana. 

 This is bordered on the west by a wet sedge zone, chiefly Carex 

 tribuloides, shortiana, lurida, lupulina, vulpinoidea and spargani- 

 oides and Rynchospora alba. The outer or western margin has 

 become a belt of brambles, Rubus nigrobaccus. Numerous Soli- 

 dago canadensis border the cornfield. 



On the western end of the island is the farm house and 

 barn. A grass lawn surrounds the house and close to it are 

 planted several apple, peach and cherry trees, one large Tsuga 

 canadensis, a Pinus strobus, Acer saccharum, Thuja occidentalis, 

 a large spruce and near the gate at the southeast a large Castanea 

 dentata. The lane leading from the gate to the bridge over the 

 canal is bordered on either side by alternating apple and chestnut 

 trees to the belt of low ground. From this to the bridge are 

 willows, principally Salix nigra and alba. This is the only 

 region on the island or on the shore of the lake where I have 

 found chestnuts and conifers. The healthy condition of the trees 

 indicates that the soil of Lieb's Island is suited to them. South- 

 west of the lane of chestnuts is another small cornfield which 

 is bordered by a fringe of willows at the margin of the island 

 beyond which is a Typha zone in shallow water. A repetition of 

 the marsh and fixed aquatic zones borders the island on the 



