~!I 
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os TENTH ANNUAL REPORT. 
15. Special adaptations to prevent injury from cold; as 
in geotropic curvature of Fall rosettes, Opuntia joints, 
Juniper leaves, ete. 
16. Plants with evergreen leaves, as Gaultheria, Arbu- 
Fus,) Panes. ete: 
17. Shade-loving plants. 
VIII. ECOLOGICAL RELATIONS OF ANIMALS AND PLANTS. 
1. Effect of browsing animals, and injury caused by 
tramping. Thorns, prickles, cutting edges, irritating or 
poisonous sap. 
2. Animal aid in the dispersal and planting of seeds 
and spores; as Gophers and artichokes, squirrels and nuts. 
3. Insect galls and other malformations due to animals. 
4. Ants as fungus cultivators and farmers. 
5. Plants which furnish homes and food to ant pro- 
tectors. 
6. Extra-floral nectaries. 
7. Ornithophilous and entomophilous flowers. 
8. Ohio flowers with odor. 
g. Mutualistic associations; as the green hydra, green 
fresh-water sponge, etc. 
IX. ECOLOGICAL CHARACTERS OF THE NATURAL ORDERS AND 
FAMILIES FOUND IN OHIO. 
1. <A brief statement as to the abundance of species 
and individuals of each group and its local distribution, 
together with a general ecological characterization. 
X. EBB AND FLOW OF VEGETATION DURING THE YEAR. 
1. The progression of the development, blooming, and 
fruiting of plants through the seasons. 
2. Chart showing character and abundance of flowers 
for the twelve months of the year. 
3. The main periods for the blooming of characteristic 
families. 
