BIG SPRING PRAIRIE. 49 
materially decreased. ‘The Proserpinaca, which still 
maintained its foothold in the lowest depressions, ex- 
hibited its characteristic tendency of producing simply 
toothed leaves instead of the dissected ones which the 
plant produces, when submerged. As the above species 
decreased in number, various species of Carex, Scirpus, 
and Agrimonia parviflora supplanted them. 
The characteristic grasses, sedges and rushes of 
this natural meadow were Poa pratensis L. (Kentucky 
Blue-grass); Agrostis alba L. (Red top, Herd’s-grass); 
chiefly in the southern and southeastern portion of field 
near the ditch; Muhlenbergia racemosa (Mx) B. S. P. 
(Marsh Muhlenbergia); Scirpus atrovirense Muhl. (Dark 
green Bulrush); Scirpus cyperinus (L.) Kunth. (Wool- 
grass); and Juncus effusus L. (Bog-rush). 
The following were also common: Spartina cynos- 
uroides (L.) Willd. (Tall Marsh-grass); Carex lupulina 
Muhl. (Hop Sedge); Carex Frankii Kunth. (Franks 
Sedge); Carex comosa Boot. (Bristly Sedge); Carex vul- 
pinoidea Mx. (Fox Sedge); Eleocharis (species?) Cy- 
perus flavescens L. (Yellow Cyperus); Cyperus eryth- 
rothizos Muhl. (Red-root Cyperus); Panicum crus-galli 
L. (Witch-grass); Homalocenchrus oryzoides (L.) Pool. 
(Rice Cut-grass); and Ixophorus glaucus (L.) Nash. 
(Yellow Foxtail). The Poa and Agrostis occur in the 
best drained portions, while the marsh species flourish 
in the minor depressions. 
The most characteristic herbaceous plants were 
Eupatorium perfoliatum L. (Boneset); Solidago cana- 
densis L. (Canada Golden-rod); Lycopus americanus 
Muhl. (Cut-leaf Water Hoar-hound); Verbena hastata L. 
(Blue Vervain); Asclepias incarnata L. (Swamp Milk- 
weed); and Agrimonia parviflora Soland. (Small-flow- 
ered Agrimony. 
Other quite common plants were Potentilla mon- 
speliensis L. (Bushy Cinquefoil); Mimulus ringens L, 
(Sessile-leaf Monkey-flower); Penthorum sedoides IL. 
