tz BIG SPRING PRAIRIE. 
(Swamp White Oak); Acer rubrum (Red Maple); and 
Fraxinus sp? (Ash.) 
The diameters of some of the larger trees were as 
follows: 
White Oak, 32 inches; White Oak, 42 inches; Cot- 
tonwood, 38 inches; American Elm, 41 inches, and 
American Elm, 55 inches. 
Thus, the size of the trees corroborate the testi- 
mony of the pioneers in regard to the wooded condition 
of this area in ]852. 
On the simple dunes, about the same species occur 
that are foundon the dune complex, but the Populus 
deltoides (Cottonwood) is more abundant as is evident 
from an inspection of fig. 15, which represents a por- 
tion of West Dune, the white-barked trees from the 
middle to the left of picture being cottonwoods. 
As proof of the more recent formation of West 
Dune, we submit the following diameters of trees: 
Populus deltoides (Cottonwood) 24inches; Quercus 
alba (White Oak) 18 inches; Prunus serotina (Wild Red 
Cherry) 15 inches; and Ulmus americana (American 
Elm) 32 inches. The trees of North Dune areas a rule 
larger than those on West Dune and not as large as 
those on the dune complex. Between the two single 
trees there occurs a solitary Quercus rubra (Red Oak) 
56 inches in diameter. All of these dunes are charac- 
terized by a regular jungle of shrubby plants. On the 
Miniature Dune Complex the principal shrubs are 
Crataegus (several species) (Hawthorns); Cornus stolo- 
nifera (Red Osier); Rhus glabra (Smooth Sumac); Ru- 
bus villosus (Common Blackberry); Rubus occidentalis 
(Black Raspbeiry); Corylus americanus (Hazelnut); 
Euonymus atropurpureus (Wahoo, Burning Bush); 
Euonymus obovatus (Running Strawberry Bush); Vi- 
tis (sp?) (Wild Grape); Smilax herbacea (Carrion flow- 
er); Smilax hispida (Hispid Greenbrier); Celastrus 
scandens (Climbing Bittersweet); Parthenocissus quin- 
