154 



may be found in literature with Bertrand»), De Bary*), 

 S c h e i 1 3) and H a b e r 1 a n d t *), is as follows. 



The epiderm of the lower and upper surface consists of 

 relatively small, cubical cells, the outher wall of which 

 is strongly thickened and provided with a strong cuticle 

 and from which capriciously shaped and canaliculate 

 outgrowths Project into the lumen of the cell. (cf. PI. II, 

 flgs. 8 a. 0. and Bertrand, 1. c. PI. II fig. 6, 7, 8.). In 

 the epiderm of the lower side numerous, irregularly placed 

 stomata are found. (PI. II, fig, 8 si). 



Under the upper epiderm lies the palissade parenchyma 

 (PI. II flg. 8 p,) formed by one continuons row of cells, 

 slightly elongated in the direction perpendicular to the 

 leaf surface, (dimensions 13 — 21 ft by 21—30 fi). Between the 

 palissade cells and the lower epiderm lies the spongy 

 parenchyma (PI. II, flg. 8 sch.) consisting of tubular cells, 

 the diameter of which is on the average 18 /,i, as a rule 

 is not more than 9 ^ at a partition wall between two 

 tubes and does not reach more than 28 ^. Between the 

 cells of the spongy parenchyma remains a System of large 

 intercellular spaces. In the spongy parenchyma numerous 

 thick-walled sclerenchyma fibres (PI. II, fig. 8 ski.) are found, 

 which are generally ramified and often hâve an enormous 

 length. 



1) C. E. B e r t ran d, Anatomie comparée des tiges et des feuilles 

 chez les Gnétacées et les Conifères. (Annales d. Se, nat. Botanique 

 5ième série Tome XX. 1874). 



2) A. D e B a r y. Vergl. Anatomie der Vegetationsorgane der 

 Phanerogamen und Famé. (Handb. der Pliysiol. Botanik von W. 

 Hofmeister. Leipzig. 1877.) 



3) M, Scheit, Die Tracheïden-Sàume der Blattbiindel derConi- 

 feren etc, (Jenaische Zeitschr. f. Naturw. Bd. XVI. Neue Folge Bd. IX. 

 1883.) 



4) G. Haberlandt, Physiologische Ptlanzenanatomie 2te Aufl. 

 Leipzig. 1896. 



