EEPORT OF THE ENTOMOLOGIST. 475 



full-gro-wn femalo and the newly hatched larva, but these wore de- 

 scribed with his customary care. 



Mr. Maskell, in describing the species under consideration, places 

 it without much hesitation in this genus, and later, in 1883, still 



E laces it in Icerya, after examining specimens of I. sacchari sent 

 im by M. Signoret. In his original paper (Trans. Proc. N. Z. Inst,, 

 1878, 220), Mr. Maskell describes quite carefully the egg, the young 

 larva, the second stage, and the full-grown famale, but had not seen 

 the male larva, cocoon, or adult. Professor Comstock (Ann. Rept, 

 Dept. of Agric, 1880, p. 347) follows Maskell's description quite 

 closely, and introduces no new facts. 



There is therefore a necessity for a careful review of the complete 

 life history of the insect, and this we have endeavored to give in the 

 following Images. 



The Egg (Plate II, Fig. 1). — The egg is quite smooth, elongate- 

 ovate in form, and is of a deep orange-yellow color. It measures 

 about 0.7""" in length. 



The average number of eggs laid by the female varies according to 

 the vigor of the individual or the condition of the plant upon which 

 she dwells; prolificacy diminishing in proportion as the plant is badly 

 infested — a general law among Coccidee. Over 800 eggs have been 

 counted in a single egg-mass by Mr. Coquillett, while Mr. Koebele has 

 counted in a single egg-mass, which, by the way, was found upon 

 nettle {Urtica holosericea), 940 eggs and 72 young larvae, while 123 

 eggs yet remained in the dead body of the female, making a total of 

 1,135 eggs from the single female. 



The time required for the eggs to hatch after leaving the body of 

 the female varies with the temperature. In the winter-time the sacs 

 are usually filled with eggs, while in the hottest part of the summer 

 seldom more than one or two dozen will be found in each sac. Some 

 collected by Mr. Coquillett on the 18th of March did not hatch until 

 the 10th of May; but in mid-summer hatching is only a matter of a 

 few days. 



The female Larva— first Stage (Plate I, Fig. 2, and Plate II, 

 Fig. 2). — The newly hatched female larva (and probably the male is 

 identical with it at this stage of growth, since we have not been able 

 to separate them into males and females) is red in color, inclining some- 

 what to brown. The body is ovoid in outline, being flattened beneath 

 and convex above. The antennae are long and G-jointed. Joint 1 is 

 short and stout, and as broad as long ; joints 2, 3, 4, and 5 subcylin- 

 drical and subequal, much more slender than joint 1, and twice as 

 long as broad; joint 6 is as long as 4 and 5 together, and forms a long 

 club,_at base equaling joint 5 in diameter, but broadening out to twice 

 its width at tip. The basal portion of the club is sometimes distinctly 

 separate from the rest, forming an additional joint. All joints have 

 a few sparse hairs, and the club, in addition to several short ones, 

 bears near its tip four very long ones, each of which is considerably 

 longer than the whole antenna. The legs are thin and brown in color. 

 The coxse and femora are moderately large, while the tibiae and tarsi 

 are long and thin, the terminal joints of the latter bearing several 

 long hairs. The upper digitules are represented by simple hairs, but 

 the lower ones are present and are bent near the base. The eyes are 

 prominent and are each mounted on a short tubercle. The mentum 

 is broad and apparently 2- jointed. The rostrum is broad at base and 

 the rostral setae are not very long. At the tip of the rounded abdo- 

 men are 6 small tubercles, 3 each side of tip, each of which carries a 



