REPORT OF THE ENTOMOLOGIST. 479 



longer and stouter, but are absolutely so. The body above is mucli 

 more thickly clothed with the short stout hairs than the correspond- 

 ing female stage, and tlie mentum is longer and darker colored. The 

 antennae are 6- jointed, and the joints have precisely the same strange 

 relative proportions as in the female. The secretory pores are pres- 

 ent, but are not quite so numerous as in the female. 



Male Larva — third Stage. — In this, the third or last larval stage, 

 the male is readily distinguished with the naked eye from the female 

 in any stage by the narrower, more elongate, more flattened, and 

 evenly convex form of his body, as well as by his greater activity in 

 crawling about the trunk or branches of a tree. More careful exami- 

 nation shows that the beak is entirely wanting, the tubercle from 

 which it arises in the earlier stages being replaced by a shallow tri- 

 angular depression. The body is almost naked, being very sparsely 

 covered with a short, white, cottony matter, and is destitute of the 

 short but stout black hairs which are found upon the body of the fe- 

 male during the third and fourth stages of her life. In the absence 

 of black spots and in the 9-jointed antennae he agrees with the similar 

 or third stage of the female, and the average length when full grown 

 is about 3""" and diameter about 1""". 



The male Pupa and Cocoon. — When the male larva has reached 

 full growth and is ready to transform it wanders about in search of 

 a place of concealment, finally secreting itself under a bit of project- 

 ing bark, under some leaves in the crotch of the tree, or even wedg- 

 ing itself down under a mass of females. Very frequently, probably 

 in the majority of cases, it descends to the ground, and hides under a 

 clod of earth or works its way into some crack in the ground. Hav- 

 ing concealed itself, it becomes quiescent, and the delicate, flossy sub- 

 stance of which the cocoon is formed begins to exude abundantly 

 from the body. This material is waxy in its character, but is lighter 

 and more flossy and less adhesive than that of which the egg-sac of 

 the female is composed. After a certain amount has been exuded 

 the larva moves backwards very slowly, the exudation continuing 

 until the mass is from 7'"" to 10""" in length. From this method of 

 retrogression it happens that the body of the larva is frequently seen 

 protruding posteriorly from the mass, which naturally leads to the 

 erroneous conclusion that the material is secreted more abundantly 

 from the fore part of the body, whereas the reverse is the case. When 

 the mass has reached the proper length the larva casts its skin, which 

 remains in the hind end of the cocoon, and pushes itself forward into 

 the middle of the cocoon. 



The pupa (Plate II, Fig. 8) has the same general color as the larva, 

 the antennas, legs, and wing-pads being paler and the eyes dark. It 

 has also the same general form and size. All the members are free 

 aiid slightly movable, so that they vary in position, though ordina- 

 rily the antennae are pressed close to the side, reaching to basal part 

 of metathorax(ventrally); the wing-pads also against the side, elon- 

 gate-ovate in form and reacliing to second abdominal joint. The legs 

 are rather shorter than the diameter of body, and the front pair 

 thrust forward. The anal end is deeply excavated, the abdomintil 

 joints Avell separated, the mesonotum well developed, and the prono- 

 tum tuberculous or with some 8 prominences; but there are no other 

 structural peculiarities. The surface is, howeA^er, more or less thickly 

 covered with waxy filaments, which are sometimes exuded in suffi- 

 cient quantities to give quite a mealy appearance. 



Whenever the pupae are taken from the cocoon and placed naked 



