REPORT OP THE ENTOMOLOGIST. 561 



Experiment 19. Emulsion of crude petroleum. 



One gallon of crude petroleum; \ gallon of soap of experiment 13 (consisting of 

 whale-oil, 4 pints; potash, 1 pound; concentrated lye, 1 pound; and water, 7A gal- 

 lons), and i- gallon of water. Applied May 4, and reported on by Mr. Coquillett. 

 Soap and water were heated together first and petroleum added. This made a good 

 emulsion after working for hall an hour with hand pump, and remained stable for 

 the next tlu-ee v.'eeks. 



Emulsion, 1 pint; water, 1 gallon. Applied July 16. Will settle in drops on tree 

 and not penetrate egg-masses. August 9, only a few of the smaller insects dead. 

 Leaves spotted, but not injured. 



Experiment 20. Emulsion of crude petroleum. 



Emulsion, 3 pints; water, 1 gallon. Applied July 17. Will not penetrate egg-sac. 

 August 9, found nearly all msects dead on trunk and large branches; young'hatch- 

 ing numerously. The trunk and large limbs of tree remained free from scales for a 

 long time after. 



Experiment 21. Emulsion of crude petroleum and soap 13. 



Emulsion, 1 pint; soap, 1 pint; water, 1 gallon. Applied July 17, and penetrated 

 nearly all egg-masses. August 9, all insects killed and dry; a few of the eggs have 

 hatched. 



Experiment 22. Whale-oil soap and lime water. 



Made of fish-oil, 3 pints; potash, 1 pound; water (hi which 1 pound of slaked lime 

 had stood for twenty-four hours*), 4 gallons. 



Soap, ^ pint; water, 1 gallon. Applied July 31. Only a small part of scales killed 

 and a few of the smaller egg-masses destroyed. Killed about half of the young 

 Black Scale {Lecanium olece). 



Experiment 23. Soap 22. 



Soap, 1 pint; water, 1 gallon. Applied July 31. Will not penetrate all the larger 

 egg-masses. August 8, a few of the mother scales still Uving; some young hatch- 

 ing. September 14, insects were not numerous. 



Experiment 24. Soap 23. 



Soap, 1^ pints; water, 1 gallon. Applied July 31 on lemon tree, with trunk and 

 branches completely covered with scales. Penetrated all egg-masses. One hour 

 after spraying, many dead Coleoptera, Hemiptera, and lace-wing flies were found on 

 ground. August 8, occasionally a single hving insect was found. August 23, ui- 

 sects few; very few young hatched; tree healthy and blooming. 



Experiment 25. "N^Tiale-oil soap. 



Made of fish oil, 9 pints; crude potash, 3 pounds; caustic soda, 1 pound; lime, 3 

 pounds; and water, 9* gallons. 



Soap, ^ pint; water, 1 gallon. Applied July 31. Will penetrate only smaller egg- 

 masses. August 9. only a small part of scales killed. Augnist 14, scales numerous; 

 egg-masses covered with fungus. 



Experiment 26. Soap 25. 



Soap, 1 pint; water, 1 gallon. Applied July 31. Will penetrate all egg-masses. 

 August 9, nearly all scales killed: a few newly hatched young on tree. September 

 14, scales few; tree in good condition. 



Experiment 27. Soap 25. 



Soap, U pmts; water, 1 gallon. Applied August 2. August 10, a few eggs found 

 uninjured. August 14, some of the mother scales have produced fresh eg.frs before 

 dying; others still living. September 14, scales quite numerous; tree healthy. 



Experiment 28. Soap 25. 



Soap, 2 pints; water. 1 gallon. Applied August 5 on lemon trees. Nearlv all the 

 scales were dry the following day. August 14, no living scales could be found; 

 tree not injiu-ed. 



* Whenever lime was used, only the clear water was taken after the Ume had set- 

 tled to the bottom. 



36 AG— '86 



